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Questions and Answers
Which of the following period 3 element chlorides has an oxidation number of +3 and a covalent structure?
Which of the following period 3 element chlorides has an oxidation number of +3 and a covalent structure?
Which chloride forms a dimeric gas (Al2Cl6) upon heating?
Which chloride forms a dimeric gas (Al2Cl6) upon heating?
Which of the following compounds has a molecular covalent structure?
Which of the following compounds has a molecular covalent structure?
What description matches PCl5 in the solid state?
What description matches PCl5 in the solid state?
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Which of these period 3 chlorides consists of giant structures?
Which of these period 3 chlorides consists of giant structures?
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Which compound is found in liquid state and has a simple molecular structure?
Which compound is found in liquid state and has a simple molecular structure?
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Which of the following chlorides has an oxidation number of +5?
Which of the following chlorides has an oxidation number of +5?
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Which chloride has a molecular covalent structure but turns into a simple molecular structure when melted?
Which chloride has a molecular covalent structure but turns into a simple molecular structure when melted?
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Which chloride is classified as white ionic compound and forms a lattice structure?
Which chloride is classified as white ionic compound and forms a lattice structure?
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Which of these compounds is held together by strong electrostatic forces?
Which of these compounds is held together by strong electrostatic forces?
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Study Notes
Chlorides of the Period 3 Elements
- The chlorides of period 3 elements have formulae that depend on the oxidation number of the element.
- The oxidation number of the element in its chloride is equal to the number of chlorine atoms attached to the element.
Formulae of Chlorides
- NaCl has an oxidation number of +1.
- MgCl2 has an oxidation number of +2.
- AlCl3 has an oxidation number of +3.
- SiCl4 has an oxidation number of +4.
- PCl3 has an oxidation number of +3, and PCl5 has an oxidation number of +5.
- SCl2 has an oxidation number of +2.
Nature and Structure of Chlorides
Ionic Chlorides
- NaCl is a white ionic compound with a giant structure.
- MgCl2 is a white ionic compound with a giant structure, composed of oppositely charged ions held together by strong electrostatic forces.
Covalent Chlorides
- AlCl3 is a white covalent compound with a layered lattice structure at room temperature.
- AlCl3 turns into a dimeric gas (Al2Cl6) when heated to about 180°C, and then has a simple molecular structure.
- SiCl4 is a colourless covalent compound in a liquid state with a simple molecular structure.
- PCl3 is a colourless covalent compound in a liquid state with a simple molecular structure.
- SCl2 is a colourless covalent compound in a liquid state with a simple molecular structure.
Special Case of PCl5
- PCl5 is a white ionic compound in the solid state with an ionic lattice of [PC16] [PC14]*.
- PCl5 has a simple molecular structure in the gaseous state.
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Description
Learn about the binary compounds of chlorine with period 3 elements, including their formulae and oxidation numbers.
