24 Questions
Which method is used for the diagnosis of mycoplasma infection?
Serology
What is the characteristic appearance of mycoplasma colonies?
Fried-egg appearance
Why is cultivation of mycoplasma difficult?
It requires prolonged incubation
What is the significance of a four-fold rise in IgG antibody titer?
It is diagnostic for mycoplasma infection
What does a cold agglutinin titer of >/= 1:128 indicate?
Recent mycoplasma infection
What do cold agglutinins detect in mycoplasma infection?
Recent infection
What can exposure to cold temperature lead to in mycoplasma infection?
Ischemia and necrosis of hands and feet
What is the main reason for using serological tests in mycoplasma diagnosis?
Direct microscopical detection is of limited value
What is the significance of detecting IgM antibodies in mycoplasma infection?
It indicates recent infection
What is the limitation of PCR in mycoplasma diagnosis?
It does not distinguish between colonization and infection
What is the characteristic appearance of mycoplasma colonies?
Fried-egg appearance
Why are cold agglutinins detected in mycoplasma infection?
To indicate recent infection
Which species is responsible for causing trachoma, a leading cause of blindness in hot and dry climates?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What is the unique biphasic life cycle of Chlamydia characterized by?
Small extracellular metabolically inert particles and larger intracellular metabolically active particles
How do Chlamydia infections manifest?
Genital tract infections, lymphogranuloma venereum, and inclusion conjunctivitis
How do Chlamydia grow and replicate?
Inside host cells
How are Chlamydia similar to viruses?
They can be grown on tissue culture in a lab
How can Chlamydia be transmitted?
Through inhalation of respiratory droplets or during passage through an infected birth canal
What is involved in the laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia?
Direct detection, antigen detection, nucleic acid detection, and serological tests
What is the recommended approach for treating and preventing Chlamydia infections?
Use of erythromycin and tetracycline, and detecting and treating asymptomatic individuals
Which bacteria are similar to Chlamydia and are also bacteria without a cell wall?
Mycoplasmas
What is a unique requirement for growing Mycoplasmas in the lab?
Serum-enriched medium containing cholesterol
What are Mycoplasmas resistant to?
Antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis
Which species of Chlamydia is not mentioned in the text?
Chlamydia felis
Study Notes
Chlamydia: Key Points
- Chlamydia trachomatis has several serotypes, and it can cause sexually transmitted diseases in both males and females.
- Trachoma, caused by serotypes A, B, or C, is a leading cause of blindness in hot and dry climates.
- Chlamydiae that infect humans are divided into three species: Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Chlamydophila psittaci.
- Chlamydia have a unique biphasic life cycle with two morphological forms: small extracellular metabolically inert particles and larger intracellular metabolically active particles.
- Chlamydia infections can manifest as genital tract infections, lymphogranuloma venereum, and inclusion conjunctivitis.
- Chlamydia lack the ability to produce sufficient energy to grow independently and can only grow inside host cells.
- Chlamydia can be grown on tissue culture in a lab and are similar to viruses but are considered bacteria.
- Chlamydia can be transmitted through inhalation of respiratory droplets or during passage through an infected birth canal.
- Laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia includes direct detection, antigen detection, nucleic acid detection, and serological tests.
- Treatment and prevention of Chlamydia infections involve the use of erythromycin and tetracycline, and detecting and treating asymptomatic individuals is important.
- Mycoplasmas, which are similar to Chlamydia, are bacteria without a cell wall and are the smallest bacteria that can be grown on cell-free media.
- Mycoplasmas require serum-enriched medium containing cholesterol and are resistant to antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis.
Test your knowledge about Chlamydia and Mycoplasmas with this informative quiz. Explore key points such as the unique life cycle, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these bacterial infections.
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