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Questions and Answers
What is the term used to describe a molecule that is not superimposable on its mirror image?
What is the process called when a racemic mixture is separated into its enantiomers?
Which system of nomenclature is used for naming optical isomers based on the sequence rules?
In asymmetric synthesis, what type of enantiomeric purity is achieved when a single enantiomer is obtained?
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Which term describes a molecule that has a plane of symmetry passing through it?
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Which of the following is a type of stereoisomerism where the molecules are not mirror images of each other?
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What term is used to describe a molecule that can be superimposed on its mirror image?
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What is the term used to describe a mixture containing equal amounts of two enantiomers?
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Which system of nomenclature uses the sequence rules to assign $R$ and $S$ configurations to optical isomers?
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In asymmetric synthesis, what type of enantiomeric purity is achieved when a single enantiomer is obtained?
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Study Notes
Optical Activity and Stereoisomerism
- Optical activity is the ability of a substance to rotate plane-polarized light.
- Enantiomerism is a type of stereoisomerism where two non-superimposable molecules are mirror images of each other.
- Diastereoisomerism is a type of stereoisomerism where two non-superimposable molecules are not mirror images of each other.
- Meso compounds are achiral molecules with chiral centers.
Elements of Symmetry
- A molecule is achiral if it has a plane of symmetry, a center of symmetry, or a rotational axis of symmetry.
- A molecule is chiral if it does not have a plane of symmetry, a center of symmetry, or a rotational axis of symmetry.
Nomenclature of Optical Isomers
- The DL system of nomenclature uses the descriptors (+) and (-) to indicate the direction of rotation of plane-polarized light.
- The RS system of nomenclature uses the descriptors (R) and (S) to indicate the configuration of the chiral center.
- Sequence rules are used to determine the priority of groups attached to a chiral center in the RS system.
Racemic Modification and Resolution
- A racemic modification is a mixture of equal amounts of two enantiomers.
- Resolution of a racemic mixture involves the separation of the two enantiomers.
Asymmetric Synthesis
- Partial asymmetric synthesis is a reaction where the product is a mixture of enantiomers but not in a 50:50 ratio.
- Absolute asymmetric synthesis is a reaction where the product is a single enantiomer.
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Description
Test your knowledge on topics like optical activity, enantiomerism, diastereoisomerism, meso compounds, chiral and achiral molecules, DL system of nomenclature, sequence rules, RS system of nomenclature, racemic modification, resolution of racemic mixture, and asymmetric synthesis.
