Podcast
Questions and Answers
What year did the Han Dynasty end?
What year did the Han Dynasty end?
220 CE
What were the years of the Period of Disunity?
What were the years of the Period of Disunity?
220-581 CE
When was the Sui Dynasty established and by whom?
When was the Sui Dynasty established and by whom?
581 CE under Wendi
When did Wang Yangming's Neo-Confucian reformation occur?
When did Wang Yangming's Neo-Confucian reformation occur?
Approximately how long did the Period of Disunity last?
Approximately how long did the Period of Disunity last?
What were the characteristics of the Period of Disunity?
What were the characteristics of the Period of Disunity?
Who was Emperor Wendi?
Who was Emperor Wendi?
What were Emperor Yangdi's major accomplishments?
What were Emperor Yangdi's major accomplishments?
What were Emperor Yangdi's major military campaigns?
What were Emperor Yangdi's major military campaigns?
Describe the Grand Canal.
Describe the Grand Canal.
What was the purpose of the Civil Service Examination System?
What was the purpose of the Civil Service Examination System?
What were the key features of the Civil Service Examination?
What were the key features of the Civil Service Examination?
Describe the education process for the Civil Service Examination.
Describe the education process for the Civil Service Examination.
What was the approximate success rate of the Civil Service Examination?
What was the approximate success rate of the Civil Service Examination?
What did non-passing candidates of the Civil Service Examination often become?
What did non-passing candidates of the Civil Service Examination often become?
Who were the warlords?
Who were the warlords?
Who were the scholar-officials?
Who were the scholar-officials?
What is Neo-Confucianism?
What is Neo-Confucianism?
What was Changan?
What was Changan?
What is Champa rice?
What is Champa rice?
What is porcelain?
What is porcelain?
What is waterwheel irrigation?
What is waterwheel irrigation?
What is the Chang Jiang valley?
What is the Chang Jiang valley?
Give a definition of the Tang Dynasty.
Give a definition of the Tang Dynasty.
Describe the transportation network of the Tang Dynasty.
Describe the transportation network of the Tang Dynasty.
What was the impact of agricultural improvements during the Tang and Song dynasties?
What was the impact of agricultural improvements during the Tang and Song dynasties?
What was the significance of porcelain?
What was the significance of porcelain?
What did population growth lead to during the Tang and Song dynasties?
What did population growth lead to during the Tang and Song dynasties?
In what year did the Tang Dynasty begin?
In what year did the Tang Dynasty begin?
When did porcelain-making reach Europe?
When did porcelain-making reach Europe?
Who were the Mongols?
Who were the Mongols?
What are Yurts?
What are Yurts?
What are Steppes?
What are Steppes?
Why was horseback riding considered essential for the Mongols?
Why was horseback riding considered essential for the Mongols?
Why was Archery considered essential for the Mongols?
Why was Archery considered essential for the Mongols?
Who was Genghis Khan?
Who was Genghis Khan?
What was the 'Largest Land Empire'?
What was the 'Largest Land Empire'?
What trade routes did the Mongols oversee?
What trade routes did the Mongols oversee?
Describe the Mongol policy of 'Cultural Tolerance'.
Describe the Mongol policy of 'Cultural Tolerance'.
How was 'Taxation' important to the Mongol Empire?
How was 'Taxation' important to the Mongol Empire?
The Mongols learned about what explosive substance from the Chinese?
The Mongols learned about what explosive substance from the Chinese?
What was the Fire Lance?
What was the Fire Lance?
How far did Mongol expansion reach?
How far did Mongol expansion reach?
Describe the Mongol Empire's geography.
Describe the Mongol Empire's geography.
What skills made the Mongol successful?
What skills made the Mongol successful?
Who were the Clans?
Who were the Clans?
What did the Mongols do with the cultures they conquered?
What did the Mongols do with the cultures they conquered?
What was the Mongol Empire's southern boundary?
What was the Mongol Empire's southern boundary?
How were Mongols destructive?
How were Mongols destructive?
In what areas did the Mongols bring stability?
In what areas did the Mongols bring stability?
What religion did the Mongols adopt in Southwest Asia?
What religion did the Mongols adopt in Southwest Asia?
What Persian influenced did the Mongols adopt?
What Persian influenced did the Mongols adopt?
What customs did the Mongols adopt from Turkish culture?
What customs did the Mongols adopt from Turkish culture?
How quickly did the Mongols expand?
How quickly did the Mongols expand?
How can Mongol Horsemen be described?
How can Mongol Horsemen be described?
Describe Mongol Military Tactics.
Describe Mongol Military Tactics.
Around what time did the Mongol Empire reach its peak?
Around what time did the Mongol Empire reach its peak?
Who was Kublai Khan?
Who was Kublai Khan?
What was the Yuan Dynasty?
What was the Yuan Dynasty?
What dynasty did Kublai Khan overthrow in 1279?
What dynasty did Kublai Khan overthrow in 1279?
Describe Mongol Culture during the Yuan Dynasty.
Describe Mongol Culture during the Yuan Dynasty.
How were Civil Service Examinations affected during the Yuan Dynasty?
How were Civil Service Examinations affected during the Yuan Dynasty?
Who was Marco Polo?
Who was Marco Polo?
How did Trade change under Mongolian rule?
How did Trade change under Mongolian rule?
What was Quanzhou?
What was Quanzhou?
How can the Mongols distinct cultural differences during the Yuan dynasty be described?
How can the Mongols distinct cultural differences during the Yuan dynasty be described?
How was the 'Conquest of Japan'?
How was the 'Conquest of Japan'?
How did the Mongols handle leadership of conquered territories?
How did the Mongols handle leadership of conquered territories?
How did Sediment affect Quanzhou?
How did Sediment affect Quanzhou?
What aspects of warfare did the Mongols become infamous for?
What aspects of warfare did the Mongols become infamous for?
What was Marco Polo's reaction to China?
What was Marco Polo's reaction to China?
How did Mongol rule affect China?
How did Mongol rule affect China?
Outside of politics, how can Mongol's relations with conquered regions be described?
Outside of politics, how can Mongol's relations with conquered regions be described?
When did Kublai Khan die?
When did Kublai Khan die?
How long did the Yuan Dynasty last?
How long did the Yuan Dynasty last?
How did the Mongols govern?
How did the Mongols govern?
How can the analysis of Mongol and Song governance practices be described?
How can the analysis of Mongol and Song governance practices be described?
How can Marco Polo's accounts be described?
How can Marco Polo's accounts be described?
What trade goods were traded under Mongol Supervision?
What trade goods were traded under Mongol Supervision?
What did Quanzhou become?
What did Quanzhou become?
Why did Kublai Khan establish Khanbaliq?
Why did Kublai Khan establish Khanbaliq?
How did the Chinese view their traditions compared to the Mongols?
How did the Chinese view their traditions compared to the Mongols?
Who was Hong Wu?
Who was Hong Wu?
What was the Byzantine Empire?
What was the Byzantine Empire?
What was the Manifesto of Accession?
What was the Manifesto of Accession?
Who were the Jesuits?
Who were the Jesuits?
What are Confucian teachings?
What are Confucian teachings?
How can China's government under the Ming Dynasty be described?
How can China's government under the Ming Dynasty be described?
Who were the Christian missionaries?
Who were the Christian missionaries?
What burden led to revolts in the Ming Dynasty?
What burden led to revolts in the Ming Dynasty?
What city did the Manchus capture?
What city did the Manchus capture?
How can the role of Hong Wu be described?
How can the role of Hong Wu be described?
What is 'Civic participation'?
What is 'Civic participation'?
What were Farmers' revolts?
What were Farmers' revolts?
What dynasty did Hong Wu overthrow?
What dynasty did Hong Wu overthrow?
What goal did Hong Wu declare?
What goal did Hong Wu declare?
What is the Imperial throne?
What is the Imperial throne?
What boundaries did the Ming restore?
What boundaries did the Ming restore?
What does the public good represent?
What does the public good represent?
What were the long-term effects of Zheng He?
What were the long-term effects of Zheng He?
What was the focus of Jesuits in China?
What was the focus of Jesuits in China?
How was social order organized under the Ming?
How was social order organized under the Ming?
How can trade and contact between Europe and Ming China be described?
How can trade and contact between Europe and Ming China be described?
What were considered to be civic duties?
What were considered to be civic duties?
Which classes contributed to the economic structure of Ming?
Which classes contributed to the economic structure of Ming?
What year marks the end of the Han Dynasty?
What year marks the end of the Han Dynasty?
When was the Sui Dynasty established and under which emperor?
When was the Sui Dynasty established and under which emperor?
What was the approximate duration of the Period of Disunity?
What was the approximate duration of the Period of Disunity?
Who was the founder of the Sui Dynasty and what was his significance?
Who was the founder of the Sui Dynasty and what was his significance?
What were the major accomplishments of Emperor Yangdi?
What were the major accomplishments of Emperor Yangdi?
What were the military campaigns of Yangdi?
What were the military campaigns of Yangdi?
What is the length, purpose, and orientation of the Grand Canal?
What is the length, purpose, and orientation of the Grand Canal?
What was the typical education process in preparation for the Civil Service Examination?
What was the typical education process in preparation for the Civil Service Examination?
What was the success rate of the Civil Service Examination?
What was the success rate of the Civil Service Examination?
What did non-passing candidates often do?
What did non-passing candidates often do?
What is the Chang Jiang valley known for?
What is the Chang Jiang valley known for?
When did the Tang Dynasty begin, and what was it known for?
When did the Tang Dynasty begin, and what was it known for?
What was the extent of the transportation network during the Tang Dynasty?
What was the extent of the transportation network during the Tang Dynasty?
What impact did agricultural improvements have during the Tang and Song dynasties?
What impact did agricultural improvements have during the Tang and Song dynasties?
Why was porcelain significant?
Why was porcelain significant?
What was the consequence of population growth in China?
What was the consequence of population growth in China?
When did the Tang Dynasty begin?
When did the Tang Dynasty begin?
What is Horseback Riding?
What is Horseback Riding?
What is Archery?
What is Archery?
What are Trade Routes?
What are Trade Routes?
What is Cultural Tolerance?
What is Cultural Tolerance?
What is Taxation?
What is Taxation?
What is Gunpowder?
What is Gunpowder?
What is Fire Lance?
What is Fire Lance?
What is Mongol Expansion?
What is Mongol Expansion?
What is Mongol Empire Geography?
What is Mongol Empire Geography?
What is Nomadic Living Skills?
What is Nomadic Living Skills?
What are Conquered Cultures?
What are Conquered Cultures?
What is Himalayas?
What is Himalayas?
What is Siberia?
What is Siberia?
What is Mongol Damage?
What is Mongol Damage?
What is Stability?
What is Stability?
What is Islam?
What is Islam?
What is Persian Influence?
What is Persian Influence?
What is Mongol Conquests?
What is Mongol Conquests?
What is Mongol Horsemen?
What is Mongol Horsemen?
What is Mongol Military Tactics?
What is Mongol Military Tactics?
What is Mongol Empire Timeline?
What is Mongol Empire Timeline?
What is Yuan Dynasty?
What is Yuan Dynasty?
What is Khanbaliq?
What is Khanbaliq?
What is Mongol Culture?
What is Mongol Culture?
What are Civil Service Examinations?
What are Civil Service Examinations?
What is Trade Improvement?
What is Trade Improvement?
What is Cultural Differences?
What is Cultural Differences?
What is Conquest of Japan?
What is Conquest of Japan?
What is Mongol Leadership?
What is Mongol Leadership?
What is Sediment in Harbor?
What is Sediment in Harbor?
What are Mongol Terror Tactics?
What are Mongol Terror Tactics?
What is Marco Polo's Reaction?
What is Marco Polo's Reaction?
What are Mongol Rule Effects?
What are Mongol Rule Effects?
What is Mongol Social Structure?
What is Mongol Social Structure?
What is Kublai Khan's Reign?
What is Kublai Khan's Reign?
What is Yuan Dynasty Duration?
What is Yuan Dynasty Duration?
What is Mongol Governance?
What is Mongol Governance?
What is Citing Text Evidence?
What is Citing Text Evidence?
What is Historical Debate?
What is Historical Debate?
What is Distribution Center?
What is Distribution Center?
What is Kublai Khan's Capital?
What is Kublai Khan's Capital?
What is Cultural Superiority?
What is Cultural Superiority?
What is Byzantine Empire?
What is Byzantine Empire?
What is Manifesto of Accession?
What is Manifesto of Accession?
Who is Zheng He?
Who is Zheng He?
Who are Jesuits?
Who are Jesuits?
Who are Manchus?
Who are Manchus?
What is Central government?
What is Central government?
Who are Christian missionaries?
Who are Christian missionaries?
What are Heavy taxes?
What are Heavy taxes?
What is Beijing?
What is Beijing?
What is Military leader?
What is Military leader?
What were the years of the Period of Disunity in China?
What were the years of the Period of Disunity in China?
In what year was the Sui Dynasty established, and under whose rule?
In what year was the Sui Dynasty established, and under whose rule?
When did Wang Yangming's Neo-Confucian reformation take place?
When did Wang Yangming's Neo-Confucian reformation take place?
Who was Emperor Wendi, and what was his significance?
Who was Emperor Wendi, and what was his significance?
What were the major accomplishments of Yangdi?
What were the major accomplishments of Yangdi?
Describe the military campaigns of Yangdi.
Describe the military campaigns of Yangdi.
When did the Song Dynasty begin, and what did they change about agriculture?
When did the Song Dynasty begin, and what did they change about agriculture?
What was the impact of agricultural improvements?
What was the impact of agricultural improvements?
How did increased food production contribute to population growth?
How did increased food production contribute to population growth?
What is the start date of the Tang Dynasty?
What is the start date of the Tang Dynasty?
What skill was essential for Mongols from age four?
What skill was essential for Mongols from age four?
What fighting skill were Mongols proficient in while on horseback?
What fighting skill were Mongols proficient in while on horseback?
What was the Mongol Empire most known for in land mass?
What was the Mongol Empire most known for in land mass?
What did the Mongol Empire facilitate between Asia and Europe?
What did the Mongol Empire facilitate between Asia and Europe?
What type of attitude did Mongols have for conquered cultures?
What type of attitude did Mongols have for conquered cultures?
How did the Mongol Empire grow wealthy?
How did the Mongol Empire grow wealthy?
From which group did the Mongols learn how to use Gunpowder?
From which group did the Mongols learn how to use Gunpowder?
What weapon did the Mongols adopt from the Chinese?
What weapon did the Mongols adopt from the Chinese?
Toward which regions did Mongol expansion occur after China?
Toward which regions did Mongol expansion occur after China?
From which Ocean to which European region did the Mongol Empire stretch?
From which Ocean to which European region did the Mongol Empire stretch?
What type of skills did the Mongols develop as nomads?
What type of skills did the Mongols develop as nomads?
What were Clans?
What were Clans?
From which group of people did the Mongols admire and learn?
From which group of people did the Mongols admire and learn?
What was the southern Geography of the Mongol Empire?
What was the southern Geography of the Mongol Empire?
How did the Mongols affect conquered lands?
How did the Mongols affect conquered lands?
What did Mongol rule bring to conquered regions?
What did Mongol rule bring to conquered regions?
Which culture did the Mongols adopt customs?
Which culture did the Mongols adopt customs?
Which culture's ways did the Mongols integrate into their culture?
Which culture's ways did the Mongols integrate into their culture?
In how many years did the Mongols complete their conquests?
In how many years did the Mongols complete their conquests?
For what skill were Mongol Horsemen known?
For what skill were Mongol Horsemen known?
What Military Tactics did Mongols use?
What Military Tactics did Mongols use?
What was distinct of Mongol Culture during the Yuan Dynasty?
What was distinct of Mongol Culture during the Yuan Dynasty?
Were Civil Service Examinations used during the Yuan Dynasty?
Were Civil Service Examinations used during the Yuan Dynasty?
How did Mongolian rule affect trade?
How did Mongolian rule affect trade?
What occurred in Quanzhou in the 1400s?
What occurred in Quanzhou in the 1400s?
What was the affect of Cultural Differences during the Yuan Dynasty?
What was the affect of Cultural Differences during the Yuan Dynasty?
In which country did the Mongols fail to conquer due to typhoons?
In which country did the Mongols fail to conquer due to typhoons?
What type of leaders did Kublai appoint to positions?
What type of leaders did Kublai appoint to positions?
What sediment affected trade in Quanzhou's harbor?
What sediment affected trade in Quanzhou's harbor?
What tactic did Mongols use to subdue populations during conquests?
What tactic did Mongols use to subdue populations during conquests?
Did Mongols mix socially with Chinese during the Yuan Dynasty?
Did Mongols mix socially with Chinese during the Yuan Dynasty?
For how long did Kublai Khan rule until his death in 1294?
For how long did Kublai Khan rule until his death in 1294?
How do we analyze differences in Mongol and Song governance?
How do we analyze differences in Mongol and Song governance?
Why do Historians question the accuracy of Marco Polo's accounts?
Why do Historians question the accuracy of Marco Polo's accounts?
Which goods were distributed during trade under the Mongols?
Which goods were distributed during trade under the Mongols?
What was the role of Quanzhou in distribution?
What was the role of Quanzhou in distribution?
What did Confucian teachings emphasize?
What did Confucian teachings emphasize?
What was the goal of the central government during the Ming Dynasty?
What was the goal of the central government during the Ming Dynasty?
What burden led to revolts?
What burden led to revolts?
Which capital city was captured by the Manchus?
Which capital city was captured by the Manchus?
What was Hong Wu's role after defeating rivals?
What was Hong Wu's role after defeating rivals?
What civic aspect was significant during this time?
What civic aspect was significant during this time?
Flashcards
End of Han Dynasty
End of Han Dynasty
The end of the Han Dynasty occurred in 220 CE.
Period of Disunity
Period of Disunity
The Period of Disunity in China occurred from 220-581 CE.
Sui Dynasty
Sui Dynasty
The Sui Dynasty was established in 581 CE under Emperor Wendi.
Wang Yangming's Neo-Confucian reformation
Wang Yangming's Neo-Confucian reformation
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Duration of Period of Disunity
Duration of Period of Disunity
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Characteristics of Period of Disunity
Characteristics of Period of Disunity
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Emperor Wendi
Emperor Wendi
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Emperor Yangdi
Emperor Yangdi
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Major accomplishments of Yangdi
Major accomplishments of Yangdi
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Military campaigns of Yangdi
Military campaigns of Yangdi
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Grand Canal
Grand Canal
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Civil Service Examination System
Civil Service Examination System
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Key Features of Civil Service Examination
Key Features of Civil Service Examination
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Education Process
Education Process
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Success rate of Civil Service Examination
Success rate of Civil Service Examination
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Non-passing candidates
Non-passing candidates
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Warlords
Warlords
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Scholar-officials
Scholar-officials
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Neo-Confucianism
Neo-Confucianism
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Changan
Changan
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Champa rice
Champa rice
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Porcelain
Porcelain
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Waterwheel irrigation
Waterwheel irrigation
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Chang Jiang valley
Chang Jiang valley
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Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
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Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty
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Transportation network of Tang Dynasty
Transportation network of Tang Dynasty
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Impact of agricultural improvements
Impact of agricultural improvements
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Significance of porcelain
Significance of porcelain
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Population growth
Population growth
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Timeline of Tang Dynasty
Timeline of Tang Dynasty
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Timeline of Song Dynasty
Timeline of Song Dynasty
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Porcelain-making in Europe
Porcelain-making in Europe
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Mongols
Mongols
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Yurts
Yurts
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Steppes
Steppes
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Horseback Riding
Horseback Riding
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Archery
Archery
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Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan
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Largest Land Empire
Largest Land Empire
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Trade Routes
Trade Routes
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Cultural Tolerance
Cultural Tolerance
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Taxation
Taxation
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Gunpowder
Gunpowder
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Fire Lance
Fire Lance
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Mongol Expansion
Mongol Expansion
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Mongol Empire Geography
Mongol Empire Geography
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Nomadic Living Skills
Nomadic Living Skills
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Clans
Clans
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Conquered Cultures
Conquered Cultures
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Ming Dynasty
Ming Dynasty
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Study Notes
- Study notes encompassing key aspects of Chinese history from the end of the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty.
End of Han Dynasty and Period of Disunity
- The Han Dynasty ended in 220 CE, marking the beginning of the Period of Disunity.
- The Period of Disunity lasted from 220 to 581 CE, approximately 300 years.
- During this period, there was no central government, and the country was divided into separate kingdoms.
- Warlords fought for control, and nomadic invasions occurred in northern China.
- Control over neighboring territories, including Korea, was lost.
Sui Dynasty
- The Sui Dynasty was established in 581 CE by Emperor Wendi.
- Wendi successfully reunified China and restored central imperial rule.
- Emperor Yangdi, Wendi's son and successor, repaired the Great Wall and rebuilt the capital city of Changan.
- Yangdi also constructed the Grand Canal, a 1,100-mile (1,770 km) waterway connecting the Huang He and Chang Jiang rivers, facilitating north-south transportation.
- Yangdi's military campaigns included a failed attempt to conquer Korea, focusing on internal expansion instead.
Civil Service Examination System
- The civil service examination system aimed to strengthen the government through educated officials.
- Based on Confucian writings, it favored wealthy families and was limited to men only, creating a class of scholar-officials.
- Education began at age 4 with learning Chinese characters, emphasizing memorization of Confucian writings.
- Only about 20% of candidates passed the civil service examination.
- Non-passing candidates often became teachers or government assistants.
Tang and Song Dynasties
- The Tang Dynasty began in 618 CE, known for land redistribution and agricultural advancements, with approximately 30,000 miles of canals, road systems, and waterways.
- The Song Dynasty began in 960 CE, continuing agricultural reforms and introducing Champa rice, a rice variety that grew rapidly in poor soil and was disease resistant.
- Waterwheel irrigation was introduced during the Tang Dynasty.
- Population growth led to the development of new settlements in the Chang Jiang valley.
- Agricultural improvements contributed to economic growth during the Tang and Song dynasties.
- Porcelain, a fine ceramic made from clay and baked at high temperatures, became highly valued worldwide.
Mongol Empire
- Mongols were a nomadic group from Mongolia.
- They lived in yurts (movable tents) and roamed the steppes (grassy plains) from the Black Sea to northern China.
- Essential skills, such as horseback riding (from age four) and archery, were developed to shoot accurately from horseback.
- Genghis Khan led the Mongol Empire into significant expansion, creating the largest land empire in history.
- Mongol lands facilitated trade between Asia and Europe, growing wealthy by taxing trade products.
- They generally accepted and adopted conquered cultures, with gunpowder and fire lances learned from Chinese.
- Advancement into Syria and Palestine was halted in Egypt; the empire stretched from the Pacific Ocean to eastern Europe, bordered by the Himalayas to the south and Siberia to the north.
- Conquests caused significant destruction, but Mongol rule also brought stability.
- Mongols adopted Islam in Southwest Asia and integrated customs from Persian and Turkish cultures.
Yuan Dynasty
- Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Yuan Dynasty in 1271 as the Mongol ruler of China.
- Khanbaliq (modern Beijing) became the capital city during the Yuan Dynasty.
- In 1279 the Song Dynasty was overthrown by Kublai Khan.
- Mongols maintained a distinct language, laws, and customs separate from Chinese culture.
- Civil service examinations were not used for government positions under the Yuan regime.
- Marco Polo, a Venetian traveler, visited China during Yuan rule, and was amazed by its cities and culture.
- Trade increased under Mongolian rule, connecting regions.
- Quanzhou became a major trade city, that later declined in the 1400s due to sediment buildup in the harbor.
- Mongols appointed Mongol leaders to key positions, but maintained some Chinese officials.
- Mongols did not mix socially with Chinese, maintaining cultural differences.
- Kublai Khan ruled for 30 years until his death in 1294.
- The Yuan Dynasty lasted approximately 100 years, ending in 1368.
Ming Dynasty
- Hong Wu, a former peasant, founded the Ming Dynasty, lasting 276 years, after overthrowing the Mongol dynasty.
- In the Manifesto of Accession, Hong Wu declared a goal of restoring old boundaries and peace in the Empire.
- Zheng He was sent on maritime voyages, but the long-term effects on China are debated.
- Jesuits, as Christian missionaries, aimed to educate in China by establishing schools.
- Confucian teachings emphasized the societal good over individual desires.
- Heavy taxes led to farmers' revolts, contributing to the decline of the Ming.
- The Manchus invaded China and captured Beijing, establishing the Qing Dynasty in 1644.
- Ming rulers maintained social order and the central government.
- Limited trade and contact occurred between Europe and Ming China.
- Artisans and merchants contributed to the economic structure of Ming, and civic duties were expected of all societal roles.
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