China's Political Structure

• Political structure of the People's Republic of China embodies a people's democratic dictatorship and democratic centralism, pursuing socialism aligned with Chinese characteristics.

State Organs

• The central state organ of power is the National People's Congress.
• The National People's Congress has a permanent body: the National People's Congress Standing Committee.
• Additional state organs include the President of the PRC, State Council, Central Military Commission, National Supervisory Commission, Supreme People's Court, and Supreme People's Procuratorate.
• Local administrative power is held by the local people's congresses and local people's governments.
• Regional ethnic autonomy exists in autonomous areas, regions, prefectures, and counties.

State Leadership of the Communist Party of China

• The highest organ of power is the CPC National Congress.
• Major organs include the Central Committee, Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, General Secretary of the Central Committee, Standing Committee of the Political Bureau, Central Military Commission, and the Secretariat of the Central Committee.
• The party system takes precedence over the government and military, granting the CPC absolute leading status.

Multi-Party Cooperation and Political Consultation Led by the CPC

• Eight democratic parties cooperate under the CPC's leadership.
• All democratic parties can participate in state affairs.
• Representatives from various parties and social sectors are consulted under the CPC's leadership.
• The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference serves as a platform for political consultation.
• The system consists of the CPC, eight democratic parties, non-affiliated personages, mass organizations, various social sectors, ethnic groups, compatriots from HKSAR, Macao, Taiwan, returned overseas Chinese, and specially invited public figures.
• Functions include political consultation, democratic supervision, and participation in state affairs.

Composition of the Chinese Nation

• There are 56 ethnic groups.
• The Han are the majority, concentrated in the eastern and central regions.
• Other ethnic groups are called ethnic minorities, mainly living in the southwest, northwest, and northeast regions.
• Some ethnic groups inhabit vast areas, while others live in compact communities.
• China's ethnic groups have distinct lifestyles, folk customs, traditional festivals, religious beliefs, traditional costumes, eating habits, and folk dances.
• China upholds ethnic equality and unity, implements regional ethnic autonomy, develops minority economies, nurtures minority cadres, develops minority education and cultures, utilizes minority languages, and protects minority customs and religions.

Concept of Chinese Nationality and Chinese Citizens

• Nationality is the legal status of belonging to a particular country.
• Chinese citizens are persons with Chinese nationality, and all nationalities in China are considered Chinese citizens.
• Chinese nationality can be acquired by birth or application.
• China does not recognize dual nationality.
• Chinese citizens have political rights, personal freedom, legal rights, freedom of religious belief, social welfare, culture, and education.
• Chinese citizens have the duty of safeguarding national unity and security, abiding by the laws, respecting the rights of others, paying taxes, and performing military service.
• China addresses the nationality issue of Hong Kong residents by separating passports from nationality.
• China no longer recognizes BNO passports as travel documents or proof of identity.

Sense of National Identity of Hong Kong Residents

• An individual identifies with a group, develops a sense of belonging, takes an active interest, and supports the group's development.
• Having a sense of belonging to the country's historical events, culture, mountains and rivers, sharing a common origin, respecting the social system, and protecting security and interests is key.
• It is conducive to individual intellectual development by creating concern for the country and enhancing personal security and belonging.
• Strengthens the country's internal cohesion, promoting national development.
• Hong Kong residents demonstrate national identity through feelings and reactions toward national symbols, traditional culture, scenic beauty, achievements, honors, disasters, and major incidents.