China's Inventions and Urbanization Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary aim of the Global Development Initiative (GDI)?

  • To refocus international attention on development issues (correct)
  • To promote individual national interests
  • To increase global trade tariffs
  • To enhance military cooperation

The Global Civilization Initiative encourages the superiority complex of civilizations.

False (B)

What key agenda does the Global Development Initiative support the implementation of?

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

The Global Security Initiative emphasizes the importance of _____ and consultation to resolve disputes.

<p>dialogue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle does the Global Security Initiative prioritize regarding national concerns?

<p>Taking legitimate security concerns seriously (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the initiatives with their primary focus:

<p>Global Development Initiative = International development cooperation Global Civilization Initiative = Cultural exchange and mutual understanding Global Security Initiative = Peaceful resolution of disputes 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development = Sustainable development goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Global Development Initiative aim to bridge the North-South gap?

<p>By fostering more equal and balanced global development partnerships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The GDI has not received positive feedback from the international community since its launch.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key indicators for small farmers in China's agricultural development?

<p>Promotion of green agricultural development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most Japanese and Californian residents enjoy a luxury experience of 20 dishes at one meal, similar to that in China.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first and foremost task for people in the context of rural development?

<p>Food and eat</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three dimensions of China's agricultural modernization include industry, community, and ______.

<p>people</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of China's agricultural development with their focus:

<p>Food security = Promoting the availability and safety of food Infrastructure = Improving coverage and quality in rural areas Education = Enhancing skills and knowledge for rural development Healthcare = Providing access to health services in rural communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is recognized for a once-considered economic leadership position before China's resurgence?

<p>Japan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Crises of population expansion and food shortages are problems faced by developed countries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant goal of the 14th five-year plan in Gansu?

<p>Connect every prefecture city with high-speed railways (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one environmental consequence of overfishing and unsustainable fishing practices.

<p>Ecological disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Belt and Road Initiatives consists of both land-based and ocean-going components.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List one benefit that China claims results from its infrastructure projects in Latin America.

<p>Job opportunities for the local area</p> Signup and view all the answers

The principles of __________ consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits guide China's approach to international cooperation.

<p>extensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following countries with their role in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization:

<p>Russia = Member state Kazakhstan = Member state India = Member state Pakistan = Member state</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the Belt and Road Initiative primarily focuses on enhancing trade routes over water?

<p>Maritime Silk Road (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ASEAN initiated the RECP free trade agreement in 2020.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Silk Road Economic Belt?

<p>Enhance connectivity and cooperation among countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

BRI

The Belt and Road Initiatives, a Chinese development strategy focusing on connectivity and cooperation among countries.

Silk Road Economic Belt

The land-based component of the Belt and Road Initiatives emphasizing connectivity via land routes.

Maritime Silk Road

The ocean-going component of the Belt and Road Initiatives, emphasizing cooperation through sea routes.

RECP

A free trade agreement initiated by ASEAN, including 15 members (China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand and 10 ASEAN countries).

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Shanghai Cooperation Organization Members

A group of countries including Russia, Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and others and later India and Pakistan.

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Latin American Trading Partner

China is a major trading partner and investor in Latin America.

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High-speed rail and Expressway

China's aim to connect cities in Gansu by high-speed rail and expressways.

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Extensive Consultation, Joint Contribution, Shared Benefits

Key principles underlying China's approach to global cooperation.

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Global Development Initiative (GDI)

A Chinese initiative launched in 2021 aiming to refocus global attention on development, increase international cooperation, and promote the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

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Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

A core concept in China's foreign policy, emphasizing international cooperation and shared responsibility for global challenges.

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Global Civilization Initiative

Encourages respect for diverse civilizations, promoting mutual learning and dialogue among cultures.

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Transcending the Civilization Divide

Going beyond differences between civilizations through dialogue and exchange, aiming for mutual understanding and collaboration.

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Global Security Initiative

A Chinese proposal for a comprehensive security framework based on shared responsibility, mutual respect, and peaceful conflict resolution.

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Common, Comprehensive, Cooperative, Sustainable Security

A key principle of the Global Security Initiative, emphasizing shared responsibility for security and avoiding unilateral approaches.

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Legitimate Security Concerns

Respecting and addressing the security concerns of all countries, even if they differ from China's own priorities.

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Peaceful Resolution of Disputes

Advocating for peaceful dialogue and negotiation as the primary means of resolving international conflicts.

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Chinese Food Culture

China offers a diverse range of delicious dishes at affordable prices compared to many developed countries.

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3-Dimension Rural Modernization

A comprehensive strategy to modernize rural China, focusing on industry, community, and people.

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Food Security: China's Key Task

Ensuring food security for China's growing population is a top priority, with an emphasis on sustainable agricultural practices and green development.

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Sustainable Agriculture

Developing agricultural practices that meet the needs of the present population without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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China's Economic Leadership

China's economic resurgence is shifting the global economic center of gravity back towards the East, making it a major force in the world economy.

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Industrial Chain Competitiveness

China's competitiveness in the manufacturing industry stems from its strong industrial chain, which integrates various production stages.

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Huawei's Global Competition

Huawei, a Chinese technology giant, competes against numerous leading companies in diverse sectors like smartphones, networking, and artificial intelligence.

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China's Economic Rise: Historical Perspective

The global economic center has shifted over time, moving from China and India in ancient times, to the West during industrialization, and now returning to the East with China's rise.

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Study Notes

Lecture 1

  • Four great inventions of China: compass, gunpowder, papermaking, printing
  • Continued inventions: rice, tea, silk, brick and tiles, Chinese white liquor, kite, iron plough, saddle
  • Bamboo: favoured plant for painting, poetry, baskets, and furniture
  • China's GDP per capita increase: 1949 (23 USD) to 2021 (12549 USD)
  • China surpassed USA in terms of purchasing power parity in 2014
  • China's workforce (940M): 440M employed in cities, 330M in rural areas, 82% employment
  • Women in China have significant room for development
  • Urbanization experience: 1 billion people, 10 million urban jobs per year, 1% urbanization rate increase every year for last 45 years
  • Urbanization strategy emphasis: industry, housing, education, medical care, transportation, and the creation of business opportunities

Lecture 2

  • China feeding 1.4 billion people: uses 9% of world farmland, 20% of the world population
  • Chinese proverb: depend on mountains to eat mountains and depend on water to eat water
  • 7% of arable land feeds 22% of the world's population
  • Huzhou, Zhejiang: flood plains along the Yangtze River, Taihu Lake, and Qiantang River, abundant freshwater resources, 100 million people, high population density. Similar to floodplains in Bangladesh, West Bengal, India, and Saigon, Vietnam.

Lecture 4

  • Chinese geography: security, climates, strategic options
  • Gansu province harsh environment: freezing Tibetan Plateau, deadly Gobi Desert
  • Gansu valleys: red stones, golden sands, deep valleys, similar to Death Valley and Red Canyon
  • Difficulty of farming in Gansu: no rainfall, long travel from valleys to markets (5 hrs), $100/ton transportation costs, exceed crop selling profits

Lecture 5

  • China's principles: extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits;
  • The world's countries are interdependent and should work together
  • China faces profound changes unseen in a century

Xi Jinping Thought on Foreign Affairs

  • RECP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership): free trade agreement initiated by ASEAN in 2012, 15 members (China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and 10 ASEAN countries)

  • China: a key trading partner in Latin America, 2nd largest trading partner and 2nd largest destination for Chinese overseas investment in Latin America

  • China increased infrastructure developments and projects in Latin America (over 200 projects): roads, railways, schools, hospitals, sports venues, bridges, tunnels, airports, and ports creating over 1 million jobs for locals

Global Development Initiative (GDI)

  • Proposed by Xi Jinping at the 76th UN General Assembly in 2021
  • Refocuses on development, international cooperation, and solving development issues by speeding up the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
  • Initiated as a community with a shared future for mankind.
  • Offers a roadmap for closing the gap between North and South.
  • Encourages balanced, equal global development partnerships.

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