15 Questions
What is Theory of Mind (ToM) primarily concerned with?
Understanding that we all have Mental States (MS)
According to Wellman (1990), in what order are Mental States (MS) acquired?
Emotions, desires/intentions, beliefs
What makes beliefs particularly challenging for children to learn?
They make a claim about the world and can be wrong
What does Piaget's sensorimotor learning primarily involve?
Controlling movements by binding sense and actions together
What is the key property of desires and intentions that makes them different from beliefs?
They differ and can conflict
According to Wellman's proposal, which kind of mental state is learnt last?
Beliefs
What does ToM primarily involve in terms of understanding someone else’s Mental States (MS)?
Understanding that someone else’s MS are separate from your own and can be different from them = perspective taking
What did Meltzoff's (1995) study suggest about 18-month-olds' imitation?
18-month-olds imitate intentions, not actions
According to Horner & Whiten (2005), what did children do in their study?
Children over-imitated actions, even when the first action was irrelevant to the experimenter's intention
What did Wimmer and Perner (1983) use to assess the ability to infer a false belief?
The False Belief Task
At what age did Perner et al. (1987) find that most children understand that beliefs can be false?
$4.5$ years
What did Onishi and Baillargeon (2005) use to test infants' understanding of false beliefs?
A looking task
"Precise wrongness" is associated with which aspect of understanding?
"False Belief" understanding
What did Fabricius et al. (2010) find regarding 5-year-olds' understanding of false beliefs?
They were just as likely to pick the "object never here" location as the "object was here" location
What is suggested about Theory of Mind (ToM) skills based on the text?
ToM skills show evidence early in development but are complex and develop slowly over a lifetime.
Test your knowledge on children's theory of mind with this quiz covering kinds of mental states, understanding of intentions and beliefs, and the concept of theory of mind. Explore the complex set of skills and knowledge related to understanding mental states and how they drive human behavior.
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