Children's Health Assessment Quiz

Family Medicine: General Provisions

• Family medicine provides general care for patients, regardless of age or sex.
• The main duties of a family doctor include outpatient care, home visits, and organizing day and home hospitals.
• The doctor also carries out medical diagnostics and treatment, provides first and perinatal help, and conducts minor surgery.

Principles of Dispensary

• Dispensary care is a key part of preventive healthcare, focused on maintaining public health.
• Dispensary care aims to identify, prevent and control disease, to prevent morbidity, disability and mortality, and to achieve active longevity.
• A dispensary's purpose includes forming, preserving, and strengthening public health.

Peculiarities of Medical Examination of Different Groups of the Population

• Medical examinations are tailored to the individual needs and characteristics of different groups.
• For example, specific considerations apply to monitoring pregnant women, children, workers in essential industries/agriculture, and chronically ill patients.

Prevention in Medicine

• Prevention encompasses various activities aimed at identifying and eliminating/reducing the causes of illnesses and injuries in individuals, groups, and the general population.
• Primordial prevention focuses on eliminating risk factors for developing disease.

Main Functions of a Family Physician

• Outpatient reception & home visits.
• Organization of day/home hospitals.
• Medical/diagnostic, rehabilitation, and preventative measures.
• Providing emergency and emergency medical care.
• Assisting families in resolving medical/social problems.
• Establishing trusting relationships with patients and their families.
• Collaborating with colleagues & consultative services.
• Anti-epidemic measures.
• Reporting infectious disease cases to the relevant authorities.

Clinical Examination

• Clinical examination involves continuous monitoring of populations' health through preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures
• Comprehensive medical examination is a crucial component of public health.
• The main objective of clinical examination is to combat socially dangerous diseases such as tuberculosis.

Main Tasks of Medical Examination of the Population

• Assessment of health status through regular preventive examinations.
• Dynamic monitoring for people in various health conditions.
• Identification/elimination of disease-causing factors.
• Encouraging healthy lifestyles.
• Implementing medical and recreational programs.
• Enhancement of the quality and efficiency of medical care.

Types of Counseling

• Preventive counseling is a critical component of the medical examination process, aimed at encouraging patient engagement in health maintenance and disease prevention.
• Individualized preventive counseling is tailored to patients with specific risk factors.
• Brief counseling is focused, efficient, and regularly incorporated into clinical appointments.
• In-depth counseling is a more comprehensive intervention used in targeted populations.

Medical Examination by Categories

• Citizens under 72 with cardiovascular diseases, chronic ischemic lower extremities are subject to medical examinations.
• Citizens with risk factors for alcohol, drug or substance abuse also need medical examinations.
• Citizens over 75 are assessed for risk factors that may lead to senile asthenia.

Diagnostic Criteria for Risk Factors and Other Pathological Conditions

• Elevated blood pressure is a systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, or a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher
• Hypercholesterolemia involves a total cholesterol level of 5 mmol/L or more.
• Hyperglycemia means fasting plasma glucose level of 6.1 mmol/L or more.
• Smoking involves cigarette use of one or more cigarettes daily.

Basis of Preventive Work of a Pediatrician

• Pediatricians use a six-criterion assessment system.
• First criterion evaluates developmental deviations in the ontogenetic/biological, sociological, and genealogical aspect.
• Second criterion evaluates levels of physical development.
• Third criterion analyzes neuropsychological development.
• Fourth criterion assesses the organism's resilience.
• Fifth criterion evaluates the body's functional state.
• Sixth criterion checks for the presence/absence of chronic diseases or developmental defects.

Groups of Dispensary Observation

• Group I - Healthy individuals without noticeable deviations.
• Group II- Healthy but with a potentially unfavorable genetic history, or with elevated risk factors for chronic disease.
• Group III - Diagnosed with chronic disorders requiring supervision.
• Group IV- Children with chronic/acute disorders.
• Group V - Children with chronic disorders that need special attention.

Medical Rehabilitation

• Includes various specialists (medical, social, pedagogical, legal, occupational).
• Aims at restoring patients to complete health or achieving maximum compensation for defects and illnesses.
• Includes specific measures to meet patient health needs and to adjust the medical examination methods.
• Utilizes various methods, including physiotherapy, drug therapy, and clinical nutrition.

Organization Principles of Medical Rehabilitation

• Early use of rehabilitation measures for childhood diseases
• Tailor-made rehabilitation programs to address the specific characteristics of each child.
• Continuous and consistent use of all the available rehabilitation methods.
• Simple and affordable rehabilitation methods and healthcare facilities.
• Active and informed participation of parents in planning child's rehabilitation program.
• Including therapeutic, medications, mineral waters and herbal medicine.

Stages of Medical Rehabilitation

• First stage: stabilizing the treatment result during acute/exacerbated periods
• Second stage: continuous dispensary observation and monitoring of treatment effectiveness
• Third stage: rehabilitation through sanatorium resorts, aiming for complete resolution of the disease

Documents & Procedures for Admission to a Sanatorium

• Sanatorium card, providing information on diseases, tests done and vaccinations.
• Certificates from different specialists (infectious patients, dermatologist and doctor of the general practice), confirming the absence of infectious diseases
• Specific study results on causative agents of certain diseases

Types of Rehabilitation

• Social rehabilitation: securing resources, including accommodations and mobility aids, for people with disabilities.
• Vocational rehabilitation: providing vocational training or employment support.
• Medical rehabilitation: focused physical therapy, and other treatment modalities.

Medical Rehabilitation Methods

• Psychotherapy: Addressing psychological issues, taking into account the individual's preferences and attitude towards the disease.
• Physical: Exercise therapy, massage, breathing exercises, and other.
• Medications: Using targeted pharmacotherapy to aid in recovery.
• Procedures: Using interventions like operations and prosthetics.
• Diet therapy : Establishing dietary recommendations for healthy eating habits.
• Employment therapy: Encouraging patient engagement in daily tasks, including household chores, to enable functional abilities.

Principles of Medical Rehabilitation for Patients with Myocardial Infarction

• Early intervention within the first stage of the acute condition.
• Post-hospital rehabilitation in a specialist facility or local sanatorium.
• Continuous secondary prevention (outpatient/clinic) and spa procedures.
• The most effective methods include laser therapy (low-intensity infrared or red light).
• The therapy also has other effects, including reducing platelet aggregation, improving microvascularization and having antiarrhythmic effects.

Medical Rehabilitation after Operations on Digestive Organs

• Rehabilitation programs begin within 2-3 weeks post-surgery, focused on recovery and prevention.
• Medicinal and non-medicinal remedies are used to reduce postoperative inflammation.
• Methods include physical therapy, such as mineral water drinking.
• Other methods may include techniques like novocaine and mud electrophoresis, diadynamic therapy and amplipulse therapy.

Medical Rehabilitation for Patients after Gallbladder Surgery and Bile Ducts

• The program aims to prevent issues and accelerate return to work/daily life.
• Rehabilitation focuses on balneological and physiotherapy methods.
• Crucial methods to rehabilitate patients rapidly include mineral water drinking with predominant sulfate, magnesium, calcium, sodium in the water.
• UHF therapy is used to address inflammation and promote tissue regeneration.

Medical Rehabilitation in Urological and Nephrological Diseases

• The program aims to reduce the duration of disability and improve body functions.
• Methods focus on addressing inflammation, improving tissue development and restoring organ function.
• General contraindications are acute/severe illnesses, and severe mental illnesses hindering effective rehabilitation.
• Physical methods: managing pain, promoting urination (diet and exercises),
• Methods such as mud or electrophoresis therapy

Medical Rehabilitation after Injuries and Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

• The purpose is to reduce disability, improve body functions and reduce pain.
• Rehabilitation involves methods to prevent joint deformities.
• Effective treatment normally involves eliminating the source of pain/loss of function.
• General contraindications involve conditions such as severe illnesses, intellectual/non-intellectual impairments, and conditions impacting a patient's ability to effectively participate in treatment.

Bruises

• Physical methods:
  • Local cryotherapy (applying cold)
  • Electrophoresis (medications through electrical mediums)
  • UV irradiation
  • Diadynamic and amplipulse therapy
  • Interference therapy

Vasoconstrictive & Lymphatic Drainage Methods

• Cooling compress
• Alcohol compresses (increasing osmotic pressure)

Vasodilating Methods

• Infrared irradiation: enhancing capillary dilation
• Magnetotherapy: improving blood circulation and lymphatic drainage
• Warming compresses: local heating

Anti-inflammatory Methods

• Using heat exposure methods carefully as they can worsen inflammation
• Targeting and suppressing inflammation
• Stimulating immune response using leukocytes
• Using methods that aid the body's healing response

Trophostimulating Methods

• Physical therapy exercises during and outside of disease exacerbation periods
• Dynamic exercises to improve functioning/reduce pain
• Exercises are specifically designed for the stage of the disease (acute or remission)

Massage Methods

• Effective in improving peripheral blood flow
• Activating peripheral nervous tissue

Sanatorium Treatment

• Employing various therapeutic methodologies, including balneotherapy, to alleviate metabolic disorders, and functional problems/syndromes in the body

Therapeutic Mud Stimulates

• Promoting anabolic processes and inhibiting catabolic processes in joint tissues
• Improving nutrient/energy delivery to cartilage tissues
• Triggering steroid formation processes and modulating body's immune response, therefore aiding in tissue recovery.

Anti-inflammatory Methods (continued)

• Focusing efforts on suppressing inflammatory components and improving cellular functioning
• Promoting immune reactions, targeting underlying causes and accelerating healing
• Assisting in the reduction of swelling, pain, and the prevention of complications

Principles of Medical Rehabilitation for Patients with Myocardial Infarction (continued)

• Immediate measures to stabilize conditions in acute MI
• Post-hospital rehabilitation program to restore function and prevent complications/syndromes
• Constant supervision and guidance throughout the rehabilitation process
• Laser therapy's effectiveness in improving circulation.

Fundamentals of Medical Rehabilitation for Post-Stroke Patients

• Early start in hospital, addressing early complications rapidly.
• Specialized rehabilitation centers or local sanatorium.
• Emphasizing on restoring function/addressing neurological or physical impairments.
• Rehabilitation therapy includes treatments like medicine, massage, electrical stimulation, and physiotherapy exercises.

The Second Stage of Medical Rehabilitation

• Focus on restoring motor skills, improving compensatory mechanisms.
• Emphasizing on physiotherapy which may involve manual therapy, cryotherapy, magnetotherapy and heat treatments.
• Active participation for patients to re-engage in their communities through physical activity and occupational therapy.

Test your knowledge on newborn health assessment criteria and child health classifications, specifically focusing on Groups and therapeutic measures for COPD patients. This quiz will challenge your understanding of pediatric health standards and conditions.