Newborn Care and Assessment Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the heart rate categorized as when it is between 0 and 100 beats per minute?

  • Tachycardia
  • Absence
  • Weak cry (correct)
  • Normal
  • What muscle tone classification indicates active motion?

  • No response
  • Limp
  • Active motion (correct)
  • Some flexion of extremities
  • When is the umbilical cord typically clamped and cut after birth?

  • Before birth
  • After one hour
  • When pulsations cease (correct)
  • Immediately after birth
  • Which factor listed is not a characteristic of newborns that predisposes them to heat loss?

    <p>High fat content (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes bradypnea?

    <p>Less than 15 breaths per minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average blood volume of a term newborn infant usually approximate to?

    <p>100 ml per kg body weight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to the umbilical cord clamps after they have been applied?

    <p>Ensure they are 2-2.5 cm from the umbilicus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a healthy full-term infant conserve heat?

    <p>Flexed position (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of clearing the airway immediately after birth?

    <p>To prevent the aspiration of debris into the trachea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what two time intervals should the Apgar score be assessed?

    <p>At 1 minute and at 5 minutes after birth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What score range indicates a need for resuscitation?

    <p>0 to 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the immediate care of the newborn baby?

    <p>Bathing the infant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of thermal adaptation in newborn care?

    <p>To prevent hypothermia after birth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Apgar scoring system primarily used to evaluate?

    <p>Cardiopulmonary function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions should occur first after a newborn's head is delivered?

    <p>Clearing the airway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is vitamin K administered to newborns?

    <p>To prevent bleeding disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age should individuals start performing breast self-exams?

    <p>20 years or older (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the best time to perform a breast self-exam after a menstrual cycle?

    <p>One week after menstruation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used to perform the breast self-exam effectively?

    <p>Fingertip pads (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is recommended for effectively feeling the breast tissue during the self-exam?

    <p>Pressing lightly and then deeply in overlapping circles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if you notice changes in your breast tissue?

    <p>Contact a health care professional (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT a sign to look for during a visual breast exam?

    <p>Normal color of skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you check for in the area under the arms during the breast self-exam?

    <p>Swollen lymph nodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you help remember when to perform breast self-exams?

    <p>Using a calendar reminder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first thing to do during a breast self-exam?

    <p>Look at your breasts in the mirror with your shoulders straight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you look for in the mirror during the first step of the breast self-exam?

    <p>If the breasts are evenly shaped without distortion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following changes should prompt you to see a doctor after the first step?

    <p>Dimpling or puckering of the skin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should you feel your breasts while lying down?

    <p>Using your fingertips in a circular motion, keeping them flat and together. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pattern is suggested when feeling your breast?

    <p>Up and down vertically, like mowing a lawn. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is recommended for checking the breasts while in the shower?

    <p>Ensuring the skin is wet and slippery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do after looking for fluid coming out of the nipples?

    <p>Feel your breasts while lying down immediately. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When feeling the tissue beneath the skin of the breasts, what pressure should be applied?

    <p>Firm pressure for deep tissue. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in examining the right breast when the client is in a supine position?

    <p>Put the right arm over the head. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During palpation of the breast, what method is recommended to ensure all areas are examined?

    <p>Press on the breast tissue using small circular motions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of actions when examining the underarm area?

    <p>Press in a circular pattern while keeping the arm relaxed at the side. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after checking for discharge during the nipple examination?

    <p>Only record findings if abnormalities are present. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what position should the client be for the palpation of the right breast?

    <p>Supine with the right arm overhead. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key objective of performing a breast exam?

    <p>To discover abnormalities that may cause harm early (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Breast Self-Exam (BSE) is true?

    <p>Regular calendar reminders can help maintain BSE habits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken if unusual changes or pain are detected during a BSE?

    <p>Contact a doctor or nurse practitioner to report these changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important step to take before conducting a breast exam?

    <p>Wash your hands thoroughly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the inspection phase of a breast exam, what position should the client ideally be in?

    <p>Sitting comfortably facing the examiner (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of breast self-exam guidance?

    <p>Perform BSE only during menstruation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be assessed regarding the nipple during a breast examination?

    <p>Type, size, and any secretions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what purpose is encouraging regular BSE practice important?

    <p>To reinforce the individual's confidence in their ability to conduct BSE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Neonatal Period

    The time from birth to 28 days of life.

    Clearing airway

    Removing mucus, blood, and meconium from the nose and mouth before first breath.

    Apgar Score

    A scoring system to assess newborn's cardiopulmonary function.

    Apgar score assessment time

    Assessment at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth.

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    Normal Apgar score

    7-10.

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    Apgar score 3-6

    Mild to moderate distress.

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    Apgar score 0-2

    Severe distress, needing resuscitation and ICU.

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    Cord clamping and cutting

    Procedure to stop blood flow from umbilical cord after birth.

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    Heart rate assessment

    Evaluating the baby's heart rate.

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    Respiratory effort assessment

    Evaluating the baby's breathing pattern.

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    Reflex irritability assessment

    Checking for a baby's response to stimuli.

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    Muscle tone assessment

    Evaluating the baby's muscle firmness.

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    Color assessment

    Evaluating the baby's skin color.

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    Umbilical cord clamping

    Procedure of clamping the umbilical cord.

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    Newborn heat conservation

    How newborns maintain body heat, keeping warm.

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    Newborn blood volume

    Blood volume of a term newborn infant.

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    Breast Self-Exam (BSE)

    A monthly examination of your breasts to check for changes in their appearance or feel.

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    When to start BSE

    Begin breast self-exams at age 20.

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    Optimal BSE timing

    One week after your menstrual period is ideal for BSE due to less breast swelling or tenderness.

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    BSE Technique: Pressure

    Use light, medium, and firm pressure to feel different depths of breast tissue while doing BSE.

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    BSE Technique: Movement

    Use overlapping small circular motions and up-and-down lines to explore breast tissue.

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    Visual BSE Checklist

    Inspect breasts for changes in symmetry, contour, texture, skin (dimpling, redness), and nipples (discharge, inversion).

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    Palpable Changes to Feel For

    Feel for unusual lumps, bumps, thickenings, tenderness, and enlarged lymph nodes in the breasts, underarms, collarbone, and between breasts.

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    Mammography Importance

    Get regular mammograms as recommended by your healthcare provider.

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    Breast Palpation Technique

    Using the pads of your fingers, gently press on the breast tissue in a circular motion, starting at the top and moving down to the nipple. Cover all areas, including the breast tissue leading to the armpit.

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    Underarm Examination

    With the client's arm held loosely at their side, use your fingers to cup the underarm area and press in a circular motion, moving slowly and covering all areas.

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    Nipple Examination

    Gently squeeze the nipple between your thumb and index finger to check for any discharge.

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    Breast Examination Position

    Ask the client to lie on their back (supine position) with one arm positioned above their head for better access during examination.

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    Breast Examination Steps

    The breast examination involves palpation, underarm examination, and nipple examination, followed by documentation of findings and reporting abnormalities.

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    Breast self-exam

    A technique to assess the condition of the breast by inspecting and feeling for any changes or lumps. It is recommended for women to perform it regularly.

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    Breast self-exam steps

    Involves inspecting and feeling the breast, including the nipple, areola, and surrounding lymph nodes. It should be done regularly.

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    Breast exam objective

    To identify any abnormalities or changes in the breast tissue as early as possible, promoting early detection and treatment.

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    Breast exam procedure

    Includes preparing the patient, draping, washing hands, inspecting the breast, and palpating for lumps or cysts.

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    Breast exam inspection

    Examining the breast visually to observe size, shape, symmetry, color, any skin changes, and nipple appearance.

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    Breast exam palpation

    Feeling the breast tissue for any lumps, cysts, or other changes in texture or shape.

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    Breast exam positions

    The woman can be examined while sitting with her arms relaxed at her sides or held over her head. This allows for a thorough inspection of the breast tissue.

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    Breast exam reporting

    Any abnormalities or changes found during the self-exam should be reported to a doctor or nurse practitioner.

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    Breast Self-Exam - Step 1

    Visually inspect your breasts in a mirror with your shoulders straight and arms on your hips. Look for usual size, shape, and color. Ensure even shaping with no distortion or swelling.

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    Changes to Report to Your Doctor

    If you notice dimpling, puckering, bulging, nipple position changes, inverted nipples, redness, soreness, rash, or swelling in your breasts, consult your doctor.

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    Breast Self-Exam - Step 2

    Raise your arms while looking in the mirror and repeat the visual inspection for any changes from Step 1.

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    Breast Self-Exam - Step 3

    While at the mirror, check for any fluid discharge (watery, milky, yellow, or blood) from one or both nipples.

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    Touch and Feel - Lying Down

    Lie down and use your right hand to feel your left breast and vice versa. Use a circular motion with the first few finger pads, covering the entire breast from top to bottom and side to side. Apply light, medium, and firm pressure to feel the tissue in different depths.

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    Touch and Feel - Standing

    Feel your breasts while standing or sitting. Many find it easier with wet skin, like in the shower.

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    Common Touching Patterns

    Two common patterns for feeling your breast: move in larger circles from the nipple outward or move your fingers up and down in rows like mowing a lawn.

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    Breast Self-Exam - Importance

    Regular breast self-exams are crucial for early detection of breast changes, which can help with timely treatment and positive outcomes.

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    Study Notes

    Immediate Care of the Newborn Baby

    • Immediate care of newborn babies includes clearing the airway, assessing the baby's condition using an Apgar score, clamping and cutting the umbilical cord, thermal adaptation, identification, care of the eyes, and Vitamin K administration.

    Clearing the Airway

    • The pharynx and nasopharynx (mouth and nose) must be suctioned immediately after birth to remove mucus, blood, and meconium.
    • Mechanical suction is used to minimize the risk of virus transmission.
    • The baby is held briefly to allow liquid drainage by gravity before transferring to a warmed bassinet.

    Assessment of Baby's Condition Using Apgar Score

    • The Apgar score is a scoring system used to assess cardiopulmonary function in a newborn baby.
    • The assessment is performed at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth.
    • Scores range from 0 to 10.
    • A score of 7-10 is normal.
    • A score of 3-6 indicates mild to moderate distress.
    • A score of 0-2 indicates severe distress, requiring resuscitation and ICU care.

    Clamping and Cutting the Cord

    • The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein covered by Wharton's jelly.
    • Cord length is approximately 50 cm.
    • The cord should be clamped approximately 8-10 cm from the umbilicus.
    • Clamping should occur after pulsations have ceased to reduce the risk of blood loss.
    • The cord is ligated (tied off) 2-2.5 cm from the umbilicus using a special clamp or rubber bands.
    • Blood volume for a term newborn is 80-100 ml per kg body weight.

    Thermal Adaptation

    • Newborn skin is thin and blood vessels are close to the surface.
    • Heat loss occurs readily from the internal areas.
    • To minimize heat loss, the baby's skin surface area exposed to the surrounding air should be reduced.
    • Full term infants are kept in a flexed position.
    • Heat loss mechanisms include evaporation (amniotic fluid), conduction, convection, and radiation.

    Identification

    • Babies in hospitals must be easily identifiable.
    • Methods include name bands on wrists and ankles, with information like name, sex, and date of birth.

    Care of the Eyes

    • Immediately after birth, the baby's eyes are treated to prevent ophthalmic neonatorum.
    • Tetracycline or erythromycin ointment is administered for prophylaxis.

    Vitamin K

    • Hemorrhagic disease in newborns results from Vitamin K deficiency.
    • A single dose of vitamin K prevents bleeding problems until the infant is capable of producing it on its own.
    • Administered intramuscularly, at 0.5 to 1 mg within the first hour after birth.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on essential newborn care and assessment practices. This quiz covers various aspects such as heart rate, Apgar scoring, and immediate care procedures for newborns. Perfect for students and professionals in healthcare and nursing fields.

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