Children's Development and the Law

Three stages: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.

The focus in the preconventional stage is obedience and punishment.

The focus in the second stage of the preconventional stage is self-interest and maintaining law and order.

<p>The focus in the conventional stage is interpersonal accord, conformity, and authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The focus in the fourth stage of the conventional stage is authority and maintaining social order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two stages in the postconventional stage are social contract and universal ethical principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Piaget's theory of cognitive development is the base for Kohlberg's theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are four stages of cognitive development in Piaget's theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two components of cognition according to Piaget's theory are mental hardware and mental software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mental hardware refers to cognitive structures like memory that are necessary for encoding, storing, and retrieving information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>According to the text, the stages in life are: Senior-Motor-Stage age 0-2, Concrete Operational Phase age 3-11, and Formal operational stage age 12 and above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The minimum age of criminal responsibility in Germany is 14.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The age of juvenile criminal law in Switzerland is 10-17.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The age of adult criminal law in the United Kingdom is 18+.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>According to Piaget, children start to develop an understanding of ethical, moral, and social issues at the age of 12.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main reason for raising the minimum age of criminal responsibility according to the text is child development and maturity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuroscience suggests that adolescent brain development continues into the mid-20s and the late development of the prefrontal cortex affects behavioral control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One long-term consequence of early criminal charges is the impact on employment and education opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text suggests that punitive measures are less effective than rehabilitation and education in reducing re-offending.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One argument against raising the minimum age of criminal responsibility is that children who commit serious crimes should face legal consequences, potentially encouraging lawlessness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>four</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>vary</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>deterrence</p> Signup and view all the answers