68 Questions
What is the primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy?
Make the unconscious conscious
Which technique in psychodynamic psychotherapy involves asking clients to say whatever comes to mind without censoring themselves?
Free association
What did Freud refer to as the 'royal roads' to the unconscious?
Dreams
When the id has an impulse and the superego rejects it, what defense mechanism is used when the ego redirects the id impulse toward a safer target?
Displacement
Which approach to therapy involves selecting the best treatment for a given client based on empirical data from studies of the treatment of similar clients?
Eclectic approach
Who successfully integrated psychotherapy approaches, specifically psychoanalysis and behavior therapy?
Paul Wachtel
What is the action stage in the process of behavior change according to the transtheoretical model?
Actively changing behavior and making notable efforts to overcome problems
What is the primary difference between efficacy studies and effectiveness studies?
Efficacy studies have stricter criteria for participants, while effectiveness studies have looser criteria.
What is the transdiagnostic approach promoted by David Barlow and his colleagues based on?
Focusing on specific underlying factors
Why do psychologists in private practice find case studies more persuasive than research reviews?
They offer more practical insights into client treatment
What has been a significant challenge in terms of disseminating treatments?
Practitioners’ reluctance to change their practices based on research
What did Consumer Reports find when surveying its subscribers about their experiences with psychotherapy?
Psychotherapy had very positive, lasting effects for the vast majority of respondents
What do neurobiological studies using neuroimaging technologies suggest about psychotherapy?
Psychotherapy changes the brain
What did pre-pandemic studies suggest about the effectiveness of teletherapy compared to in-person therapy?
Teletherapy produced roughly equal results to in-person therapy
What is the Unified Protocol developed by David Barlow and his colleagues focused on?
Reducing negative thought patterns
Why do practitioners place a higher value on their own intuition and judgments according to the text?
Clients differ and manuals limit professional autonomy
What is the major reason for psychologists in private practice being more willing to undergo training in an empirically supported treatment if the training was brief and inexpensive?
They believe brief and inexpensive training is more effective
What has been found about the medical cost offset considerations regarding therapy according to the text?
Therapy can offset medical costs
What is the 'Dodo bird verdict' in the context of therapy?
The concept that competing therapies are found to work about equally well
What is the fundamental component of therapies that explains how different forms of therapy can have similar effects?
Therapeutic Relationship/Alliance
According to research, what is the best predictor of therapy outcome?
Quality of the therapeutic relationship
In addition to the likelihood that a good alliance causes client improvement, what else is possible?
Client improvement may cause a good alliance
What is a common factor among different psychotherapies?
Hope
According to the three-stage sequential model of common factors, what comes after the 'Support factors' stage?
'Learning factors' stage
What approach views specific therapy techniques as the treatment of choice for specific disorders?
'Prescriptive' approach
What has witnessed a remarkable rise in popularity among therapists since the 1980s?
'Cognitive therapy'
Which format of therapy dominates the professional activities of clinical psychologists?
'Psychotherapy with individual clients'
'Stages of change model' describes various points where clients may fall in terms of readiness to start therapy. Which stage refers to an intention to take action within a short time?
'Preparation stage'
What has declined significantly since 1960?
'Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic therapy'
What does the potential compromise in psychotherapy recognize as important?
The importance of both specific treatment and general, common effects
What is the role of a psychodynamic psychotherapist in the 'blank screen' role?
To reveal very little about themselves to their clients
In psychotherapy, what is transference?
The client's tendency to form relationships with therapists based on past experiences
What is the primary issue during the oral stage of psychosexual development?
Dependency
Which term refers to the idea that children may become psychologically or emotionally 'stuck' at a particular developmental stage?
Fixation
According to psychotherapy, what is countertransference?
Transference by therapists toward clients
What is the process in which interpretations, which can be difficult for clients to accept, are reconsidered and reevaluated again and again?
Interpretation
In psychotherapy, what is the oral stage characterized by?
Experiencing all pleasurable sensations through the mouth
What is the role of a psychodynamic psychotherapist in relation to 'transference tendencies'?
To help clients become aware of their own transference tendencies
What is the general outcome of fixation during psychosexual stages?
"Stuck" at a particular developmental stage
What is the primary issue during the anal stage of psychosexual development?
Control
What is the primary task during the phallic stage according to the text?
Wishing to have a close relationship with parents
What is the main focus of Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) as described in the text?
Improving relationships
Which contemporary form of psychodynamic therapy emphasizes recognizing and moderating feelings as they occur?
Mentalization-based treatment
What can be a consequence of parents responding too positively during the phallic stage?
Overinflated sense of self
What is the emphasis of object relations as a contemporary form of psychodynamic therapy?
Social relationships
What is a key feature of brief psychodynamic psychotherapy according to the text?
Lasts fewer than 24 sessions
What is the main goal of Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT) as mentioned in the text?
Control and stabilize daily rhythms
What does ego psychology exemplify according to the text?
Adaptive tendencies of the ego
What is a potential consequence of parents responding with rejection during the phallic stage?
Overly insecure, self-doubting
What is the focus of mentalization-based treatment as described in the text?
Helping clients recognize and moderate feelings
What is a key feature of brief psychodynamic psychotherapy as mentioned in the text?
Lasts fewer than 24 sessions
What is a primary task during 5 to 3 years of age according to the text?
Toilet training
According to Hans Eysenck's study, what was the main claim about psychotherapy?
Psychotherapy had little to no benefit
What is the tripartite model with regards to therapy outcomes?
A model that accounts for the three people who have a stake in therapy: clients, therapists, and society
What is the primary difference between efficacy and effectiveness of psychotherapy?
Efficacy is measured in controlled research studies, while effectiveness is measured with actual clients treated by therapists
What is the basis of the tripartite model?
The three parties who have a stake in how well therapy works
What are some of the methods used to gather opinions about therapy outcomes?
Questionnaires, interviews, or other methods
When measuring benefits during the therapy process, what type of measures are used?
Behavioral measures
What does efficacy emphasize in controlled research studies?
Random assignment to control and treatment groups
'Follow-up' strategies measure benefits at which intervals after therapy has ended?
[1, 6, 12] months
'Society' in the context of therapy refers to:
Outsiders to the therapy process who have an interest in how therapy progresses
'Effectiveness' refers to the extent to which psychotherapy works with whom?
Actual clients treated by therapists in real-world settings
Which principle argues that people have an inborn tendency to grow?
Self-actualization
What term is used to describe the discrepancy between the real and ideal self in humanistic psychotherapy?
Incongruence
What are the three essential therapeutic ingredients proposed by Rogers for a successful therapeutic relationship?
Empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness
What is the term used to describe the match between the real self and the ideal self in humanistic psychotherapy?
Congruence
What type of regard refers to the warmth, love, and acceptance of those around us in humanistic psychotherapy?
Unconditional positive regard
"The term humanists use to describe the match between the real self and the ideal self that is achieved when self-actualization is allowed to guide a person’s life without interference by any conditions of worth, and, as a result, mental health is optimized." - What term is being defined here?
Congruence
Test your knowledge of child psychology and the phallic stage of development, which occurs from about age 3 to about age 6. Explore topics such as toilet training, parental demands, and the impact on anxiety disorders and relationship problems.
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