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Questions and Answers
A significant proportion of adult mental illness starts before the age of 18 years.
True
Mental illness in childhood has no impact on a child's developmental trajectory.
False
Children usually initiate psychiatric consultations on their own.
False
Repeated bedwetting is considered normal in a 1-year-old child but abnormal in a 7-year-old child.
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Healthy children are never brought to doctors by over-anxious parents.
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Children's responses to life events do not change with age.
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The practice of child psychiatry and adult psychiatry is identical in approach and considerations.
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Evidence of a child's thoughts in child psychiatry often comes from observations of behavior rather than verbal expression.
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Child psychiatry includes the assessment and management of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anxiety disorders are not considered principal syndromes in child psychiatry.
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Language development and attachment in infancy are part of normal development considerations in child psychiatry.
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A multidisciplinary approach to treatment emphasizing psychological interventions is not recommended in child psychiatry.
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Rapid motor, sensory, and social development occurs in the first year of life and includes the development of social skills and attachment to the primary caregiver.
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There is limited evidence base for pharmacological interventions in child psychiatry, making psychological interventions more emphasized.
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Study Notes
Importance of Child Psychiatry
- A significant proportion of adult mental illness begins before the age of 18 years.
- Childhood psychiatric disorders can impact developmental tasks and affect a child's life trajectory.
Unique Aspects of Child Psychiatry
- Children are dependent on adults to help them with their problems.
- Referrals often depend on the attitudes and tolerance of adults, such as parents or teachers.
- Healthy children may be referred due to over-anxious adults, while severely disturbed children may be neglected.
Considerations in Child Psychiatry
- The child's stage of physical and cognitive development affects what is considered abnormal.
- Bedwetting is normal in 1-year-olds but abnormal in 7-year-olds.
- Children's responses to life events change with age.
- Separation from a parent affects children differently according to their age.
Assessing Children
- Children may be less able to express their thoughts in words.
- Observations of behavior are used to gather evidence of intolerance or actions.
Child Psychiatry
- Child psychiatry is a branch of medicine that focuses on the mental health of children and adolescents.
General Issues
- Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents are frequent, with multiple causes, and require assessment and management.
Principal Syndromes
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder in children and adolescents.
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication and social interaction.
- Anxiety disorders, depression, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), eating disorders, tic disorders, and sleep disorders are all psychiatric conditions that can affect children and adolescents.
Normal Development
Infancy
- Attachment to caregivers is crucial for normal development.
- Language development, motor development, and social development are rapid during infancy.
Childhood
- Cognitive development, emotional development, and social development are critical during childhood.
Adolescence
- Puberty is a significant physical and hormonal change during adolescence.
- Identity formation and peer relationships are crucial during adolescence.
The First Year of Life
- Rapid motor, sensory, and social development occur during the first year of life.
- Attachment to primary caregivers is essential for normal development.
- Language development, social skills development, object permanence, and separation anxiety are significant milestones during the first year.
Important Considerations
- A multidisciplinary approach to treatment is essential for managing psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.
- Psychological interventions are emphasized due to the limited evidence base for pharmacological interventions.
- Ethical considerations are crucial when treating children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders.
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Description
Assessing child development, identifying early signs of mental illness, and instituting effective treatment in childhood psychiatry. Understanding the importance of childhood development and its impact on adult mental health.
