Child Health and Disabilities Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What factor is NOT significantly related to the rising number of overweight children?

Eating habits

Heredity

Heavy screen time

School safety initiatives (correct)

Which intervention is least likely to promote healthier lifestyles among families?

Encouraging more screen time (correct)

Engaging in regular exercise

Promoting healthier food options

Increasing family physical activities

What is a common cause of severe injury among children?

Sports-related accidents

Allergic reactions

Motor vehicle accidents (correct)

Falls during playtime

Which of the following conditions is NOT typically linked to childhood overweight?

Natural immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary recommendation for preventing cardiovascular disease in children?

Maintaining a balanced diet Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cancer in children is true?

Leukemia is the most common type of childhood cancer. Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a potential consequence of being an overweight child?

Improved self-esteem Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor contributing to the improved survival rates of children with cancer?

Advancements in cancer treatment Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children with disabilities were reported to have a specific learning impairment in the 2017-2018 school year?

34.6% Signup and view all the answers

Which disability category showed the most significant increase in prevalence from 0.1% to 10.2% over the years?

Autism Signup and view all the answers

In the context of learning disabilities, what does dysgraphia specifically refer to?

Difficulty in handwriting Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disabilities has the lowest reported percentage among children receiving special education services?

Emotional disturbance Signup and view all the answers

Which learning disability is characterized by a severe impairment in the ability to read and spell?

Dyslexia Signup and view all the answers

What is the combined percentage of children classified under 'Other health impairment' and 'Autism'?

24.6% Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of children diagnosed with developmental delay?

6.6% Signup and view all the answers

In learning disabilities, which condition refers to a developmental arithmetic disorder?

Dyscalculia Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of ADHD?

High maternal income during development Signup and view all the answers

What risk is associated with children diagnosed with ADHD?

Problematic peer relations Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about emotional and behavioral disorders is accurate?

They involve serious, persistent problems. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASD)?

Deficiencies in social relationships Signup and view all the answers

How do the characteristics of Asperger syndrome differ from autistic disorder?

Asperger syndrome generally involves milder language problems. Signup and view all the answers

Which group is more prevalent for emotional and behavioral disorders?

Boys Signup and view all the answers

What is the current consensus on the nature of autism?

It involves abnormalities in brain structure and neurotransmitters. Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory is characterized as holding large amounts of information for an extended period?

Long-term memory Signup and view all the answers

How does expertise contribute to memory according to the content?

Older children usually have more expertise about a subject than younger children. Signup and view all the answers

In the study mentioned, how did 10- to 11-year-olds with chess experience perform compared to college students?

They had better memory for chess piece locations. Signup and view all the answers

What does fuzzy trace theory primarily focus on in memory representation?

Verbatim memory trace and gist Signup and view all the answers

What role do mothers play in the development of children's autobiographical memory?

They contribute by reminiscing in elaborative and evaluative ways. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of critical thinking?

Justifying assumptions Signup and view all the answers

What best describes working memory?

A mental 'workbench' for manipulation and assembly of information. Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is advised for improving children's memory?

Encourage children to elaborate on what they are supposed to remember. Signup and view all the answers

What does metacognition refer to?

Knowledge about cognition Signup and view all the answers

How did Alfred Binet contribute to the field of intelligence testing?

He invented the concept of mental age. Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of age on long-term memory during childhood?

Long-term memory increases as children age. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating IQ according to William Stern?

IQ = MA / CA x 100 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best differentiates working memory and long-term memory?

Working memory holds information for a few seconds; long-term memory retains it for years. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of creativity in thinking?

It allows for unique and novel solutions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of executive function associated with metacognition?

Mental imagery Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of intelligence does individual differences refer to?

Stable ways people differ from one another Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five content areas measured by the Stanford-Binet tests?

Emotional intelligence Signup and view all the answers

Which composite score is NOT part of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition (WISC-V)?

Cognitive flexibility Signup and view all the answers

Sternberg's triarchic theory includes which type of intelligence that focuses on imagination and originality?

Creative intelligence Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the eight frames of mind identified by Howard Gardner?

Intrapersonal intelligence Signup and view all the answers

Culture-fair tests aim to achieve which of the following?

Eliminate verbal questions Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the Wechsler scales focuses on the ability to evaluate and analyze information?

Analytical intelligence Signup and view all the answers

How many types of intelligence are proposed by Sternberg's triarchic theory?

Three Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a feature of culture-reduced tests?

They aim to minimize cultural bias Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Life-Span Development 18e - Chapter 9

This chapter focuses on physical and cognitive development in middle and late childhood.
Key topics covered include physical changes and health, children with disabilities, cognitive changes, and language development.
Physical changes during middle and late childhood are slow and consistent.
- Growth averages 5-7.5 cm per year.
- Weight gain averages 2.5-3 kg per year.
- Head and waist circumference decrease relative to body height.
- Bones continue to ossify but are more flexible than mature bones.
Brain growth and development in middle childhood includes:
- Total brain volume stabilizes.
- Significant structural and regional changes, especially in the prefrontal cortex.
- Cortical thickness increases.
- Brain pathways and circuitry involving the prefrontal cortex continue to increase.
Motor development in middle and late childhood includes:
- Motor skills become smoother and more coordinated.
- Girls generally outperform boys in fine motor skills.
- Improved fine motor skills result from increased myelination of the central nervous system.
Exercise and health implications in middle childhood:
- Higher physical activity levels correlated with lower metabolic disease risk (lower cholesterol, waist circumference, and insulin levels).
- Regular physical activity and calcium intake increase bone health.
- Ways to encourage exercise include school programs, improved physical fitness in schools, community/school activities, and family focus on activity.
Health, illness, and disease in middle childhood are generally good but include accidents and injuries as a leading cause of death at this age.
- Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of serious injury or death.
- Safety belt restraints and child booster seats are highly recommended.
- Overweight children are increasing and associated with heredity and environmental factors (declining physical activity, eating habits, heavy screen time).
- Potential concerns include diabetes, hypertension, elevated blood cholesterol, and low self-esteem.
- Intervention programs focus on encouraging healthier lifestyles (diet and exercise).
Cardiovascular disease is uncommon but can be influenced by environmental experiences and behavior.
- Many elementary-aged children exhibit risk factors including hypertension, obesity, and higher body mass index.
- Adult coronary heart disease is linked to childhood elevated blood pressure and high body fat levels.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in 5-14 year olds with leukemia being the most common type of childhood cancer.
- Advancements in cancer treatment have led to increasing survival rates.

Children with Disabilities

The scope of disabilities, including specific learning impairment (34.6%), speech or language impairment (19.5%), other health impairment (14.4%), autism (10.2%), developmental delay (6.6%), intellectual disability (6.3%), and emotional disturbance (5.1%).
Educational issues, including individualized education plan for each student (IEP) and least restrictive environment (LRE) for all children. This includes inclusion in the regular classroom.

Cognitive Changes

Piaget's cognitive development theory describes the concrete operational stage (ages 7-11).
- Children can perform concrete operations and reason logically.
- They can classify objects into sets and order stimuli along quantitative dimensions (e.g., length).
- The concrete operational phase leads to understanding transitivity.
Neo-Piagetians argue that Piaget's theory needs revision while adding an emphasis on information processing, strategies, and precise cognitive steps.
Information processing, including an increase in attention span and increased memorization, which is also influenced by knowledge and expertise
- Autobiographical memory becomes more complete as children age.
- Mothers actively participating in family narratives positively contribute to autobiographical memory.
Strategies for improving information processing in children include:
- Elaborating on information.
- Using mental imagery.
- Seeking to understand rather than memorize.
- Repetition with variation.
- Embedding memory-relevant language.
Fuzzy trace theory describes two types of memory representations:
- Verbatim memory trace (precise details) and gist (central idea).
Thinking involves
- Critical thinking (reflective thinking)
- Creative thinking (novel/unique solutions)
- Metacognition (knowing about knowing); executive function, planning, self-regulation and Metamemory (knowing about memory).

Intelligence

Intelligence involves the ability to solve problems and learn from experience.
- Key aspects include individual differences and assessment.
Binet tests were initially designed to identify students who did not benefit from regular classroom settings and established the concept of mental age.
- Mental age refers to an individual's level of cognitive development compared to their peers.
Stern developed the intelligence quotient (IQ), which is calculated by dividing a person’s mental age by their chronological age and multiplying by 100.
Modern intelligence tests (e.g., Stanford-Binet) use multiple content areas to assess IQ and include fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial reasoning, and working memory
- Wechsler scales like the WISC-V are intelligence tests for children and the WAIS-IV is for adults offering a range of composite scores.
Theories of intelligence (e.g., Sternberg's triarchic theory) identify different types of intelligence like analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.
Gardner emphasizes multiple intelligences such as verbal, mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.
Variations in intelligence can exists across different cultural contexts.
- Culture-fair tests are designed to minimize cultural biases but are not truly bias-free.
- Ethnic variations exist especially in the standardized intelligence tests in the U.S. due to cultural bias.
- Stereotyping can also negatively affect test performance.
Using intelligence tests requires careful consideration, avoiding stereotyping, realizing that IQ is not the sole indicator of competence, and using caution when interpreting composite scores.

Extremes of Intelligence

Intellectual disability is evident by inadequate intellectual functioning, including low IQ, difficulty adapting to daily life, and first exhibiting these characteristics by age 18.
Intellectual disability can be organic (genetic disorder or brain damage) or cultural/familial.
Giftedness is characterized by above-average intelligence (e.g., IQ of 130 or higher) and superior talent, including precocity, specific learning styles, and passion to master a subject.

Language Development

Aspects of language development include vocabulary, grammar, reading, and writing skills in middle and late childhood.
- Developments are accompanied by improvements in metalinguistic awareness (knowing about language).
Bilingualism has a positive impact on children's language and cognitive development.
- Learning a second language also affects skill transfer to other academic areas.
Teaching two languages simultaneously to infants and young children can have numerous benefits.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on factors affecting childhood obesity, the prevalence of disabilities, and the impact of these conditions on children. This quiz covers essential topics on health interventions and the latest statistics regarding learning disabilities. Challenge yourself on your understanding of childhood health issues.