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Questions and Answers
A 3-year-old child is hospitalized. Based on Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, which intervention would be MOST appropriate to support their developmental needs?
A 3-year-old child is hospitalized. Based on Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, which intervention would be MOST appropriate to support their developmental needs?
- Providing opportunities for the child to make simple choices, such as what to wear or which toy to play with. (correct)
- Setting strict limits and expectations for the child's behavior to promote a sense of industry.
- Encouraging the child to engage in cooperative play with other children to foster a sense of accomplishment.
- Allowing the child to have unrestricted visitation with family members to alleviate separation anxiety.
Which assessment finding in a 10-month-old infant would warrant the MOST immediate further investigation?
Which assessment finding in a 10-month-old infant would warrant the MOST immediate further investigation?
- Persistent preference for one hand over the other during play. (correct)
- Inability to transfer objects from one hand to the other.
- Absence of stranger anxiety when approached by an unfamiliar adult.
- Failure to babble recognizable syllables such as 'mama' or 'dada'.
A parent expresses concern that their 5-year-old child believes their thoughts can directly cause real-world events. According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, how should the nurse respond?
A parent expresses concern that their 5-year-old child believes their thoughts can directly cause real-world events. According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, how should the nurse respond?
- Suggest the parent seek therapy to help the child differentiate between fantasy and reality.
- Reassure the parent that this is a normal characteristic of the preoperational stage known as magical thinking. (correct)
- Advise the parent to discourage these beliefs to promote more realistic and logical thought processes.
- Explain that this is indicative of a potential thought disorder and requires immediate psychological evaluation.
Considering Freud's psychosexual stages, which behavior would be MOST concerning in a 7-year-old child?
Considering Freud's psychosexual stages, which behavior would be MOST concerning in a 7-year-old child?
An adolescent is struggling with their sense of self and future direction. According to Erikson, what is the MOST important nursing intervention to support their development?
An adolescent is struggling with their sense of self and future direction. According to Erikson, what is the MOST important nursing intervention to support their development?
A nurse is assessing a 15-month-old toddler. Which finding should prompt further evaluation for potential developmental delay?
A nurse is assessing a 15-month-old toddler. Which finding should prompt further evaluation for potential developmental delay?
What is the MOST critical consideration when introducing solid foods to a 7-month-old infant with a family history of severe food allergies?
What is the MOST critical consideration when introducing solid foods to a 7-month-old infant with a family history of severe food allergies?
A parent reports that their 4-month-old infant consistently cries for extended periods each evening despite all efforts to soothe them. What information is MOST important for the nurse to gather to differentiate between normal infant behavior and potential colic?
A parent reports that their 4-month-old infant consistently cries for extended periods each evening despite all efforts to soothe them. What information is MOST important for the nurse to gather to differentiate between normal infant behavior and potential colic?
A nurse is educating parents on preventing iron deficiency anemia in their 9-month-old infant. Which dietary recommendation is MOST appropriate?
A nurse is educating parents on preventing iron deficiency anemia in their 9-month-old infant. Which dietary recommendation is MOST appropriate?
An adolescent with phenylketonuria (PKU) expresses a desire to follow a vegan diet. What guidance is MOST crucial for the nurse to provide?
An adolescent with phenylketonuria (PKU) expresses a desire to follow a vegan diet. What guidance is MOST crucial for the nurse to provide?
A child diagnosed with Failure to Thrive (FTT) is being assessed. Which observation would provide the STRONGEST indication that neglect is a contributing factor?
A child diagnosed with Failure to Thrive (FTT) is being assessed. Which observation would provide the STRONGEST indication that neglect is a contributing factor?
A parent asks about the appropriateness of giving honey to their 10-month-old infant. What is the MOST accurate and important response the nurse should provide?
A parent asks about the appropriateness of giving honey to their 10-month-old infant. What is the MOST accurate and important response the nurse should provide?
A nurse is using a CDC growth chart to assess a child's development. What finding should prompt the MOST immediate concern and necessitate further investigation?
A nurse is using a CDC growth chart to assess a child's development. What finding should prompt the MOST immediate concern and necessitate further investigation?
A group of parents are attending an educational session on toilet training. Which statement indicates a NEED for further teaching?
A group of parents are attending an educational session on toilet training. Which statement indicates a NEED for further teaching?
A school-age child is facing a prolonged hospitalization. According to the provided content, which fear is MOST likely to be prominent for this child?
A school-age child is facing a prolonged hospitalization. According to the provided content, which fear is MOST likely to be prominent for this child?
A preschool-aged child is told that their great-grandmother has passed away. Based on their likely understanding of death, what question would the nurse anticipate the child asking?
A preschool-aged child is told that their great-grandmother has passed away. Based on their likely understanding of death, what question would the nurse anticipate the child asking?
A nurse is preparing a sibling of a newborn for the baby's arrival. Which intervention is LEAST likely to promote positive sibling adjustment?
A nurse is preparing a sibling of a newborn for the baby's arrival. Which intervention is LEAST likely to promote positive sibling adjustment?
A child with a chronic illness is frequently hospitalized. Which intervention is MOST important for the nurse to implement to support their psychosocial development, aligned with resilience theory?
A child with a chronic illness is frequently hospitalized. Which intervention is MOST important for the nurse to implement to support their psychosocial development, aligned with resilience theory?
A 13-year-old reports being concerned about their appearance and how they are perceived by peers. According to the provided content, what is this MOST indicative of?
A 13-year-old reports being concerned about their appearance and how they are perceived by peers. According to the provided content, what is this MOST indicative of?
A child is playing a game that involves taking turns and following specific rules as part of a team. According to the information provided in the text, what age group is MOST likely exhibiting this kind of play behavior?
A child is playing a game that involves taking turns and following specific rules as part of a team. According to the information provided in the text, what age group is MOST likely exhibiting this kind of play behavior?
Flashcards
CDC Growth Chart
CDC Growth Chart
Used to assess a child's growth over time, including height, weight, and head circumference.
Failure to Thrive (FTT)
Failure to Thrive (FTT)
Inadequate weight gain for age, resulting from neglect, chronic illness, or poor feeding.
Toilet Training Readiness
Toilet Training Readiness
Readiness includes being dry for 2+ hours, following instructions, showing interest, and being able to pull pants up/down.
Transition Objects
Transition Objects
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Sibling Adjustment to New Baby
Sibling Adjustment to New Baby
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Play Behavior by Age
Play Behavior by Age
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Body Image & Fears by Age
Body Image & Fears by Age
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Views on Death by Age
Views on Death by Age
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Puberty
Puberty
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Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
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Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
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Resilience Theory
Resilience Theory
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Developmental Milestones
Developmental Milestones
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Normal Growth Patterns in Infants
Normal Growth Patterns in Infants
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Magical Thinking
Magical Thinking
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Stranger Danger
Stranger Danger
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Separation Anxiety
Separation Anxiety
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Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding
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Weaning
Weaning
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Introducing New Foods
Introducing New Foods
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Study Notes
Growth and Development
- CDC Growth Charts are used to assess a child's growth over time, using percentiles for height, weight, and head circumference
- Trends below the 5th or above the 95th percentile, or a downward crossing of two percentile lines can be a cause for concern
- Failure to thrive (FTT) is when a child does not gain enough weight for their age
- FTT may be caused by neglect, illness, or poor feeding habits
- Signs of FTT include undernutrition, developmental delays, and withdrawn behavior
- Toilet training readiness is indicated by staying dry for over 2 hours, following instructions, showing interest, discomfort with dirty diapers, and the ability to pull pants up and down
- Transition objects, like blankets, offer comfort and reduce anxiety during hospitalization
- To help a child adjust to a new sibling, involve them in preparations, read related books, and ensure they still receive attention
- Infants (0-12 months) primarily engage in solitary play
- Toddlers (1-3 years) engage in parallel play
- Preschoolers (3-6 years) engage in associative play
- School-age children (6-12 years) engage in cooperative play and team games
- Toddlers often fear separation
- Preschoolers commonly fear the dark and monsters
- School-age children often fear injury and death
- Adolescents are often concerned about their appearance
- Preschoolers view death as reversible or magical
- School-age children understand that death is final, but might not think it applies to them personally
- Adolescents understand the permanence of death, with emotional responses
- Breast development in girls typically occurs between 8-13 years, with menarche between 10-15 years
- Testicular enlargement in boys usually happens between 9-14 years
- Early or late signs of puberty require evaluation
Developmental Theorists
- Piaget's theory of cognitive development includes the sensorimotor stage (0-2 years) marked by object permanence
- The preoperational stage (2-7 years) exhibits egocentrism and magical thinking
- The concrete operational stage (7-11 years) brings logic and conservation skills
- The formal operational stage (12+ years) facilitates abstract thinking
- Freud's psychosexual stages include oral (0-1 year), anal (1-3 years), phallic (3-6 years), latency (6-12 years), and genital (12+ years) stages
- Erikson's psychosocial stages are trust vs mistrust (0-1 year)
- Autonomy vs shame and doubt (1-3 years)
- Initiative vs guilt (3-6 years)
- Industry vs inferiority (6-12 years)
- Identity vs role confusion (12+ years)
- Kohlberg's theory of moral development includes preconventional, conventional, and postconventional stages
- Resilience theory focuses on the capacity to recover from adversity through support and positive relationships
- At 2 months, infants can lift their head, coo and follow objects
- At 4 months, infants can roll from front to back and laugh
- At 6 months, infants can sit with support and babble
- At 9 months, infants develop a pincer grasp and experience stranger anxiety
- At 12 months, infants can walk and say "mama/dada"
- At 2 years, toddlers use 2-word phrases and can run
- At 3 years, children can ride a tricycle and use 3-word sentences
- Infants typically double their birth weight by 6 months and triple it by 12 months
- Height increases about 1 inch per month in the first 6 months, then slows
- Girls generally mature earlier than boys
Vocabulary
- Magical thinking is the belief that thoughts can cause events, common in preschool children
- Stranger danger is the fear of unfamiliar people, typically around 6-9 months old
- Separation anxiety peaks at 8-12 months
- Toddlers live in the present, while school-age children understand past and future
Nutrition
- Breastfeeding is recommended exclusively for the first 6 months
- Premature infants might need fortified breast milk
- Weaning should start around 6-12 months and introduce a cup
- Introduce new single foods every 3-5 days
- Start with iron-fortified cereal, then vegetables and fruits
- Iron deficiency is common in children aged 6-24 months
- Prevent iron deficiency with fortified formula/cereal and iron-rich foods, supplementing with vitamin C
- PKU is screened at birth, requiring a low-phenylalanine diet if positive
- Food allergy symptoms include rash, vomiting, and wheezing
- Introduce peanuts early under guidance to prevent allergies
- Colic is defined as crying more than 3 hours a day, more than 3 days a week, peaking at 6 weeks
Wellness and Patient Education
- To prevent dental/ear infections, avoid bottles in bed, clean gums, and ensure early dentist visits
- Avoid giving honey to infants
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