Child Development Study Notes

Child Development Study Notes

• Intellectual Development: Speaking, writing, and sorting are examples of intellectual development.
• Jean Piaget: Researcher who proposed children develop in four stages of thought.
• Robert Coles: Emphasizes the importance of modeling behaviors for children.
• Nuclear Family: A family consisting of a mother, father, and their children.
• Blended Family: A family formed when a parent marries someone with children from a previous relationship.
• Extended Family: A family that includes relatives beyond parents and children (aunts, uncles, etc).
• Foster Children: Children who are temporarily living with a family who is not their biological family due to concerns surrounding the care of their biological parents.
• Guardians: Grandparents, or other family members, caring for grandchildren because the parents have passed away.
• Developing Phase: The family life cycle phase where parents are raising children.
• Readiness for Parenthood: Awareness of health isn't necessarily a key aspect of readiness for parenthood.
• Genes: Thousands of genes make up a chromosome.
• Identical Twins: Develop from one fertilized egg that splits.
• Fraternal Twins: Developed from separate eggs fertilized separately.
• Dominant Gene: A gene determining whether a trait is expressed.
• Infertility: Inability to produce children.
• Personal Characteristics: Determined by genes.
• XY Chromosomes: Indicate development of a male.
• Stillbirth: The death of a baby after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
• Miscarriage: The death of a baby before 20 weeks of pregnancy.
• Amniocentesis: A test of the fluid surrounding the fetus.
• Sickle Cell Anemia: A birth defect more common in African Americans.
• Chorionic Villus Sampling: A test of tissue from the membrane around the fetus.
• Folic Acid: A supplement taken by pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects.
• Rubella: A disease not harmful to the expectant mother but can harm the growing fetus.
• Tobacco: Contains nicotine that can harm the fetus.
• Alcohol: No safe amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy for the fetus.
• Smoking Effects: A pregnant woman's partner smoking can affect the developing fetus.
• Over-the-Counter Medications: Pregnant women may not take all over-the-counter medications safely during pregnancy.
• Uterus Contractions: During labor, the uterus contracts.
• Cervix Dilation: During labor, the cervix opens.
• Second Stage of Labor: The stage of labor where the baby is delivered.
• Jaundice: Babies with jaundice may need to stay in the hospital longer.
• Premature Baby: Born before 37 weeks development.
• Rooting Reflex: A newborn reflex.
• Cow's Milk: Doctors recommend avoiding cow's milk for babies during their first year.
• Verbal Instruction Importance: Experiences are crucial for young children in their early development, more than verbal instruction.
• Eighteen Months: Extreme self-centeredness and negativism.
• Three and a Half Years: Insecurity, fear, and bossiness.
• Two and a Half Years: Drive for independence and rapid mood changes.
• Two Years: Improved skills, calmness, and free expression of affection.
• Three Years: Talking to toys, playmates, and imaginary friends.