Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common phenomenon observed in toddlers when a new sibling is born?
What is a common phenomenon observed in toddlers when a new sibling is born?
Why do toddlers experience temper tantrums?
Why do toddlers experience temper tantrums?
What is a key aspect of moral development in toddlers?
What is a key aspect of moral development in toddlers?
How can parents promote language acquisition in toddlers?
How can parents promote language acquisition in toddlers?
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What is a characteristic of preoperational thought in toddlers?
What is a characteristic of preoperational thought in toddlers?
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What is a result of sibling rivalry in toddlers?
What is a result of sibling rivalry in toddlers?
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What is essential for reinforcing moral decisions in toddlers?
What is essential for reinforcing moral decisions in toddlers?
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Why is it important to spend special time with a toddler when a new sibling is born?
Why is it important to spend special time with a toddler when a new sibling is born?
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What is a common trigger for negativistic behavior in toddlers?
What is a common trigger for negativistic behavior in toddlers?
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What is a characteristic of toddlers that contributes to temper tantrums?
What is a characteristic of toddlers that contributes to temper tantrums?
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At what age do temper tantrums typically diminish in intensity and frequency?
At what age do temper tantrums typically diminish in intensity and frequency?
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What is a recommended way to deal with temper tantrums?
What is a recommended way to deal with temper tantrums?
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Why do toddlers use transitional objects?
Why do toddlers use transitional objects?
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What should parents do when leaving their toddlers?
What should parents do when leaving their toddlers?
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Why should toddlers not be expected to give up all transitional objects at once?
Why should toddlers not be expected to give up all transitional objects at once?
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What is an effective way to encourage positive behavior in toddlers?
What is an effective way to encourage positive behavior in toddlers?
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What is the result of not treating Amblyopia?
What is the result of not treating Amblyopia?
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What is the age when children typically achieve daytime dryness?
What is the age when children typically achieve daytime dryness?
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According to Erikson's theory, what is the critical task for toddlers to master?
According to Erikson's theory, what is the critical task for toddlers to master?
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What is the purpose of discipline in toddlers?
What is the purpose of discipline in toddlers?
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What is the result of not mastering autonomy in toddlers?
What is the result of not mastering autonomy in toddlers?
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At what age can children typically walk alone without assistance?
At what age can children typically walk alone without assistance?
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What is the term for the crossing of eyes?
What is the term for the crossing of eyes?
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Why is toilet training important to parents?
Why is toilet training important to parents?
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What is the age when children can typically climb the stairs alone using two feet on each step?
What is the age when children can typically climb the stairs alone using two feet on each step?
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What is the result of changes in schedule, emotional stress, fatigue, or illness on toilet training?
What is the result of changes in schedule, emotional stress, fatigue, or illness on toilet training?
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Study Notes
Regression
- Sibling rivalry can cause a return to an earlier stage of development to feel more comfortable and secure
- Regression can be seen in behaviors like bedwetting after the birth of a new sibling
- Parents should plan special time alone with the toddler to make them feel as important as the new baby
Cognitive Development (Preoperational Thought)
- According to Piaget, preoperational thought begins at 2 years of age
- Toddlers interpret new experiences based on memories of previous happenings
- Object permanence: understanding that things will not disappear even if they cannot be seen
- Egocentric: toddlers cannot sense the world from any point of view other than their own
- Toddlers have an incomplete understanding of time
Moral Development
- Moral development depends on toddlers imitating their parents' moral behavior and teachings
- Parents should start teaching toddlers what is right and wrong
- Repeated instructions and consistency reinforce moral decisions
- Toddlers learn respect by being treated with respect
- Learning socially acceptable behaviors is a long, slow process that begins in toddlerhood and extends through adolescence
Communication and Language Acquisition
- Language acquisition is automatic and spontaneous, enhanced by practice
- Encouraging toddlers' speech and reading to them helps build language skills
- Language acquisition develops along with memory and recognition
- The "why" age: toddlers ask many questions
Developmental Milestones
- Gross motor skills depend on growth and maturation of muscles, bones, and nerves
- By the end of toddlerhood, children develop independent functioning skills such as walking, eating, dressing, toileting, and using language
- Fine motor skills include self-feeding, dressing, and playing
- Fine motor skills develop through practicing with utensils, dressing, and playing
Toilet Training
- According to Freud's psychosexual development, the toddler is at the anal stage
- Toilet training is more important to parents than to the young child
- Toilet training should be a positive experience
- Toilet training can be successful once the child has achieved maturity in sphincter control, nerves, and language
- Toddlers learn bowel control before bladder control
Psychosocial Development
- According to Erikson's theory, the toddler must master autonomy to achieve healthy psychosocial development
- Toddlers try to master independence in daily activities (toileting, dressing, feeding, taking care of belongings)
- Encouraging children to make simple decisions fosters a sense of independence
- Autonomy must be fostered while offering supervision and guidance
Discipline
- Discipline should guide, correct, strengthen, and improve the child's choices
- Discipline should not deny the child freedom
- Caregivers should be consistent and repeatedly reinforce limitations
- Sometimes discipline triggers negativistic behavior (temper tantrums, rebellious behavior)
Temper Tantrums
- Occur as a result of frustration when needs are not met immediately (terrible twos)
- Toddlers have limited vocabulary; hard to express feelings, may result in outburst of kicking, screaming, or breath holding
- Commonly seen between ages of 2 and 3 years, diminish in intensity and frequency by the age of 4 and 5 years
- Ways to deal with temper tantrums: place less emphasis on minor issues, ignoring, giving choices, "time-out", not sharing plans in advance, and offering praise and positive reinforcement
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Description
Learn about regression in toddlers, where they revert to earlier behaviors, and sibling rivalry, which stems from feelings of jealousy and insecurity. Discover how parents can address these issues.
