Child Development: Physical Growth and Nutrition
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes physical growth in children between the ages of 2 and 5?

  • Growth rates remain constant as in infancy.
  • Growth accelerates compared to infancy.
  • Children develop more mature body proportions. (correct)
  • No significant growth occurs during this period.
  • Which factor is most likely to influence individual differences in preschoolers' motor skills?

  • Biological endowment and experience (correct)
  • Uniform global environment
  • Synchronous cultural practices
  • Prescribed educational curriculum
  • Which nutritional characteristic is common among preschoolers?

  • Consumption of exclusively liquid diets
  • Increased appetite compared to infancy
  • Decreased appetite and food selectivity (correct)
  • Predominant focus on protein-rich foods
  • Why are preschool children particularly vulnerable to infections?

    <p>They have an increased vulnerability naturally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do most preschoolers typically achieve nighttime bladder control?

    <p>Later in the preschool period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does myelination affect preschoolers?

    <p>It leads to greater muscle coordination and motor skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes preschoolers' belief that inanimate objects have feelings?

    <p>Animism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do preschoolers initially form word combinations?

    <p>Using semantics-based language devoid of grammatical structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might preschoolers struggle with conservation?

    <p>They cannot understand that properties of objects remain constant despite appearance changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the thinking stage known as 'preoperational' in preschoolers?

    <p>Symbolic representation and magical thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Physical Growth during Early Childhood

    • Growth slows between ages 2 and 5, and children develop more mature body proportions.
    • Individual differences in motor, cognitive, and social development are influenced by genetic, social, and nutritional factors.

    Nutritional Requirements

    • A balanced diet is essential for sustained development in children.
    • Many children worldwide suffer from malnutrition, which can hinder development.
    • Children's appetites often decrease during the preschool years, and they become more selective about what they eat.

    Threats to Children's Health

    • Preschool children are more vulnerable to infections due to their developing immune systems.
    • Large-scale immunization programs have controlled life-threatening diseases, particularly in Western countries.
    • Poverty affects children's health, and Aboriginal preschoolers are at a higher risk of ill health due to limited resources.

    Bowel and Bladder Control

    • Most preschoolers achieve bowel control early in the preschool period.
    • Most preschoolers achieve daytime bladder control early in the preschool period, while night-time bladder control comes later.
    • Bladder control depends on several factors, including developmental readiness and parental effort.

    Motor Skills in Preschool

    • Children refine gross motor skills such as walking, jumping, throwing, and catching.
    • New fine motor skills are acquired, like drawing, which progresses from non-representational to representational drawings.
    • There are minor gender and cultural differences in motor skills, and larger individual differences can be explained by biological endowment and experience.

    Preschoolers' Thinking

    • Thinking in young children is preoperational, characterized by limited reasoning skills.
    • Symbolic representation is established, particularly in language.
    • Preoperational thinking is characterized by egocentrism, meaning children have difficulty understanding perspectives other than their own.
    • Children have magical thinking and believe inanimate objects have feelings (animism).
    • Early childhood is characterized by rudimentary skills in classification and a lack of numerical concepts.

    Language Development

    • Word production increases dramatically during the preschool period.
    • Children gradually master the sound system of their native language.
    • They gain grammatical skills, and their initial word combinations are governed by meaning and often lack grammatical structures seen in adult speech.
    • As children develop longer utterances, errors of grammar are common.

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    Description

    Explore the physical growth patterns and nutritional requirements of children between ages 2 and 5, including individual, gender, and cultural differences.

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