SPECIAL ED.

Typical Development refers to the normal developmental path a child takes from infancy to middle school. It includes physical, social, and cognitive milestones like smiling, crawling, and talking.

Atypical Development means a child's development deviates from the normal path. It often stems from special needs, affecting areas like movement, eating, or dressing.

The process of how people grow and change with age. It involves gaining skills and becoming more complex in how they function.

The physical changes that occur as a person grows bigger. It can be measured (like height or weight) and is primarily influenced by genetics.

The physical, intellectual, or emotional changes that happen as a person matures. It's mostly influenced by genetics and is often hard to measure.

Development happens in a specific, predictable order. For example, a child learns to sit before they learn to walk.

Development happens at different rates for different people. Some children walk earlier than others.

Development is usually a gradual process. It doesn't happen overnight, but through small, consistent steps.

The pattern of changes in an individual starting from conception and continuing throughout life, including growth and decline.

Teenagers rely heavily on their emotions (amygdala) when making decisions, leading to impulsive actions and poor choices.

A theory that emphasizes the influence of social and cultural factors on personality development.

A loss or reduced function of a specific body part or organ.

When an impairment limits a person's ability to perform tasks (like walking or reading).

A theory that describes how children think and learn, emphasizing stages of cognitive development.

A theory focusing on eight stages of psychosocial development, each presenting a unique challenge to overcome.

A disadvantage encountered by someone with a disability due to their environment.

A theory that examines how a person's development is influenced by different environmental systems (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem).

When someone's ability is significantly above the norm for their age.

Individuals who deviate significantly from the typical norm of development, encompassing those with disabilities and those with exceptional talents.

A legal act in the US that ensures students with disabilities receive free, appropriate public education tailored to their needs.

Individuals at higher risk than average for developing a developmental disability due to factors like biological conditions or environmental disadvantages.

A condition characterized by difficulties in using language, spoken or written, including issues with listening, thinking, speaking, reading, writing, spelling, and math.

A range of conditions affecting learning, including perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia.

Learning problems primarily caused by visual, hearing, or motor disabilities, mental retardation, emotional disturbance, or environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage are not considered Specific Learning Disabilities.

A condition impacting cognitive, language, attention, memory, reasoning, problem-solving, sensory-motor skills, and psychosocial function, often caused by an open or closed head injury.

A communication disorder that can include stuttering, impaired articulation, language impairments, and voice impairments.

An umbrella term that encompasses both partial sight and complete blindness.

A condition characterized by a significant loss of hearing, impacting educational development and often requiring special education services.

Learners who excel in specific areas, such as academics, art, or music, often demonstrating advanced skills and abilities beyond their age.

Individuals who struggle to hear and may require special accommodations or support to participate in learning activities.

Individuals who experience visual impairments, ranging from blurry vision to complete blindness, impacting their learning experience.

Individuals who experience difficulties with communication, including speaking, understanding language, or expressing themselves clearly.

A legal act passed in 1997 by the Philippine government to protect and support the rights of indigenous communities.

A group of learners who are highly creative but may not be recognized in traditional school settings due to their unique talents and learning styles.

This refers to individuals who have learned to adapt and succeed within the existing educational system.

Individuals with disabilities who may not exhibit signs of giftedness, leading to a double label.

A comprehensive framework that classifies different aspects of health and functioning, including disabilities. It emphasizes strengths and limitations, providing a broader understanding of an individual's needs.

A type of education tailored for Muslim learners, aiming to integrate Islamic values and principles with secular education.

Programs designed to provide support, education, and opportunities for individuals with special needs.

The vision of special education in the Philippines is to provide accessible and equitable educational opportunities for children and youth with special needs, ensuring their full participation and inclusion in society.

The number of children and youth with special needs derived from census data.

Refers to the total number of cases of a particular condition, including those not yet identified or receiving support.

A program designed to include children with disabilities in regular classrooms alongside their peers without disabilities.

A school specifically designed for students with disabilities, offering specialized education and support services.

A branch of education focused on meeting the unique needs of students with disabilities, providing specialized instruction, resources, and support.