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Questions and Answers
What is a developmental red flag for a child at 12 months of age?
What is a developmental red flag for a child at 12 months of age?
Which of the following assessments is essential during a newborn primary care visit?
Which of the following assessments is essential during a newborn primary care visit?
What is indicated by the absence of the ability to pull to stand by 12 months?
What is indicated by the absence of the ability to pull to stand by 12 months?
Which statement correctly describes a difference between cephalohematoma and caput succedaneum?
Which statement correctly describes a difference between cephalohematoma and caput succedaneum?
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At what age should a child be expected to say their first two-word phrases?
At what age should a child be expected to say their first two-word phrases?
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What factor should be reviewed in a newborn's social history?
What factor should be reviewed in a newborn's social history?
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Which finding during a newborn HEENT assessment suggests potential facial nerve damage?
Which finding during a newborn HEENT assessment suggests potential facial nerve damage?
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What is the normal respiratory rate for a newborn?
What is the normal respiratory rate for a newborn?
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What is the normal heart rate range for a newborn?
What is the normal heart rate range for a newborn?
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What is a common finding in a newborn's abdominal assessment regarding the umbilical cord?
What is a common finding in a newborn's abdominal assessment regarding the umbilical cord?
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When should the anterior fontanel typically close in a newborn?
When should the anterior fontanel typically close in a newborn?
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Which of the following is true regarding newborn skin assessments?
Which of the following is true regarding newborn skin assessments?
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Which activity should be encouraged during the one-month visit for development?
Which activity should be encouraged during the one-month visit for development?
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What is the expected behavior of a two-month-old during a developmental assessment?
What is the expected behavior of a two-month-old during a developmental assessment?
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What is a normal finding in a newborn's extremities assessment?
What is a normal finding in a newborn's extremities assessment?
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What should be done for a circumcised newborn during care?
What should be done for a circumcised newborn during care?
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What is a common management strategy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder in youth?
What is a common management strategy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder in youth?
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Which type of child maltreatment is most frequently observed?
Which type of child maltreatment is most frequently observed?
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What is a key feature of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
What is a key feature of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
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Which factor is considered a red flag for potential child abuse?
Which factor is considered a red flag for potential child abuse?
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What is a common management approach for Tic Disorders in children?
What is a common management approach for Tic Disorders in children?
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In the context of managing depressive disorders in children, what is essential?
In the context of managing depressive disorders in children, what is essential?
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What behavior is indicative of neglect in a child's family environment?
What behavior is indicative of neglect in a child's family environment?
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Which sign might indicate sleep disorder breathing in children?
Which sign might indicate sleep disorder breathing in children?
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Which treatment options are appropriate for allergic rhinitis?
Which treatment options are appropriate for allergic rhinitis?
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What are common symptoms of infectious mononucleosis?
What are common symptoms of infectious mononucleosis?
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What findings would suggest a child has a peritonsillar abscess?
What findings would suggest a child has a peritonsillar abscess?
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When is fever in children typically concerning for infection?
When is fever in children typically concerning for infection?
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Which statement correctly describes chronic rhinosinusitis?
Which statement correctly describes chronic rhinosinusitis?
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What is the initial treatment for a patient with confirmed staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?
What is the initial treatment for a patient with confirmed staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?
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In the treatment of pharyngitis caused by Group A streptococcus (GAS), what medication is commonly prescribed?
In the treatment of pharyngitis caused by Group A streptococcus (GAS), what medication is commonly prescribed?
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What is the recommended action for treating epistaxis?
What is the recommended action for treating epistaxis?
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What is the typical age range for girls to experience menarche?
What is the typical age range for girls to experience menarche?
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At what stage is gynecomastia most commonly observed in boys, and how long does it typically last?
At what stage is gynecomastia most commonly observed in boys, and how long does it typically last?
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Which immunizations are recommended for early adolescents aged 11-14 years?
Which immunizations are recommended for early adolescents aged 11-14 years?
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What key factors should be guided during middle adolescence (15-17 years)?
What key factors should be guided during middle adolescence (15-17 years)?
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Which of the following describes an inappropriate sexual behavior in middle childhood?
Which of the following describes an inappropriate sexual behavior in middle childhood?
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What is the main focus of late adolescence (18-21 years)?
What is the main focus of late adolescence (18-21 years)?
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In early childhood (2-3 years), what is an important concept to start teaching children?
In early childhood (2-3 years), what is an important concept to start teaching children?
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What percentage of children reportedly have intercourse before the age of 18 during middle adolescence?
What percentage of children reportedly have intercourse before the age of 18 during middle adolescence?
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Study Notes
Developmental Milestone Red Flags
- By 3 months, should be able to raise head when prone.
- By 6 months, should sit with support and smile.
- By 9 months, should respond to their name.
- At 12 months, should exhibit gestures and be able to pull to stand.
- By 16 months, should be saying single words.
- At 18 months, should be walking independently.
- By age 2 years, should be able to form a 2-word phrase.
- At age 3, speech should be understandable.
- At age 4, should be able to dress self.
- By age 5, should be able to draw a person with a body.
Newborn Health Promotion and Maintenance
- Newborn assessment includes reviewing maternal OB and pregnancy history.
- Important to assess social factors like home environment, particularly for lead exposure.
- Newborn care visits should wait at least 24 hours post-birth for initial screenings.
- Monitor head circumference and assess fontanel size: anterior is 2-3 cm, posterior is 1 cm.
- Cephalohematoma indicates deep blood collection not crossing suture lines; caput succedaneum shows superficial swelling crossing suture lines.
Newborn HEENT Assessment
- Ensure facial symmetry to rule out nerve damage from forceps delivery.
- Evaluate eyes for symmetry and size; examine ears for abnormalities due to in-utero development.
- Check nasal patency as infants breathe primarily through their noses.
Newborn Respiratory and Cardiac Assessment
- Normal respiratory rate for newborns: 30-60 breaths per minute.
- Evaluate for common early respiratory issues in the first 12 hours post-birth.
- Heart rate should be between 100-190 bpm with common murmurs in initial days.
Newborn Abdominal and GU Assessment
- Umbilical cord typically contains 2 arteries and 1 vein; umbilical hernia is normal.
- For circumcised infants, clean with a wet cotton ball and apply petroleum jelly.
Newborn Extremities and Neuro Assessment
- Clavicle fractures are a common incidence; perform Barlow and Ortolani tests for hip dysplasia.
- Assess neonatal tone, symmetry, and movement, along with reflexes.
Newborn Skin Assessment
- Monitor for port-wine stains and hemangiomas; refer if near the eye or affecting airway.
When to Call Provider for Newborns
- Rectal temperature above 100°F or 99.5°F if mother is GBS positive.
- Monitor for poor feeding and irritability.
- Look out for breathing difficulties.
Infant Health Promotion and Maintenance
- Anterior fontanel typically closes between 12-18 weeks, posterior between 6-8 weeks.
- Consistency in growth percentiles for weight, length, and head circumference is crucial.
- Recommended immunizations during visits include DTaP, IPV, Hib, PCV, HBV, and rotavirus.
Adolescent Health Maintenance
- For females, pubarche occurs around 11 years; menarche between 9-15 years.
- Males experience a significant increase in muscle mass; gynecomastia may occur but usually resolves.
- Early adolescent challenges include mood swings and body consciousness; emphasize emotional coping strategies.
- Immunizations include TDaP, MCV4, and HPV.
Sexuality and Gender Identity Development
- Early childhood involves confusion about gender and teaching about private parts.
- Middle childhood includes appropriate terminology for body parts and introduction to gender differences.
- Late adolescence focuses on sexual expression and responsibility.
Behavioral Health Disorders
- Anxiety disorders affect 7% of youth; separation anxiety is the most common.
- Generalized anxiety disorder may present as obsessive thought patterns needing cognitive-behavioral therapy.
- Depression in children can manifest as major or adjustment disorders, and safety measures should be prioritized.
Child Maltreatment Types
- Neglect is the most common form of maltreatment and can be physical, emotional, medical, or educational.
- Suspected physical abuse should be reported, especially in non-ambulatory infants with unexplained injuries.
Sleep Disorders
- Signs include snoring, apnea, and night sweats; diagnosed via sleep studies.
- Treatment options may involve surgery or positive airway pressure devices.
Fever in Children
- Fevers above 105°F are often non-infectious. Consider appropriate treatments like amoxicillin for infections within 10 days.
- Chronic rhinosinusitis lasts for 12 weeks or longer, while allergic rhinitis is triggered by IgE-mediated responses.
Throat and Skin Conditions
- Pharyngitis signs include airway patency; Group A Streptococcus requires antibiotics like amoxicillin.
- Impetigo features gold-colored crusts, treated with mupirocin or antibiotics if systemic symptoms are present.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key developmental milestones for children from birth to age five, including crucial red flags to watch for. Additionally, assess your understanding of important newborn health promotion strategies and initial assessments. This quiz covers essential information for parents and caregivers.