Podcast
Questions and Answers
Children younger than 4 years 6 months cannot discriminate the relative number of objects in two rows.
Children younger than 4 years 6 months cannot discriminate the relative number of objects in two rows.
False (B)
18-month-olds are able to predict an experimenter's desires based on their expressed feelings towards food.
18-month-olds are able to predict an experimenter's desires based on their expressed feelings towards food.
True (A)
There are standardized learning aims in the assembly area for children.
There are standardized learning aims in the assembly area for children.
False (B)
The cognitive operations of very young children were acknowledged to exist at an earlier age than previously believed.
The cognitive operations of very young children were acknowledged to exist at an earlier age than previously believed.
Participation in classroom assemblies is discouraged to maintain a structured environment.
Participation in classroom assemblies is discouraged to maintain a structured environment.
The role of a child in the assembly is limited and does not involve responsibility.
The role of a child in the assembly is limited and does not involve responsibility.
The study by Mehler and Bever involved children choosing M&M's based solely on the length of the row.
The study by Mehler and Bever involved children choosing M&M's based solely on the length of the row.
Boys and girls show statistically significant differences in cognitive development.
Boys and girls show statistically significant differences in cognitive development.
A 4-year-old child can typically use scissors to cut.
A 4-year-old child can typically use scissors to cut.
Children at the age of 5 are not yet able to throw a ball.
Children at the age of 5 are not yet able to throw a ball.
Symbolic thinking, as described by Piaget, allows children to use objects or words to represent things they cannot see.
Symbolic thinking, as described by Piaget, allows children to use objects or words to represent things they cannot see.
By the age of 6, a child should be able to ride a bicycle.
By the age of 6, a child should be able to ride a bicycle.
A 3-year-old child can typically feed themselves with both a spoon and a fork.
A 3-year-old child can typically feed themselves with both a spoon and a fork.
Preoperational intelligence involves the use of logical operations in reasoning processes.
Preoperational intelligence involves the use of logical operations in reasoning processes.
A child is typically able to draw lines and spirals by the age of 2.
A child is typically able to draw lines and spirals by the age of 2.
Climbing trees is a skill that can be expected to develop by the age of 6.
Climbing trees is a skill that can be expected to develop by the age of 6.
According to Vygotsky, all learning is individual and does not involve social interaction.
According to Vygotsky, all learning is individual and does not involve social interaction.
The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) includes skills that a learner can master without help.
The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) includes skills that a learner can master without help.
Students can work individually in the 'Find the Difference' activity.
Students can work individually in the 'Find the Difference' activity.
Playing cards can be used as a resource in the EC classroom with various activities.
Playing cards can be used as a resource in the EC classroom with various activities.
Children who start learning languages after age 6 face significant challenges.
Children who start learning languages after age 6 face significant challenges.
Mentors should avoid challenging children in their learning processes.
Mentors should avoid challenging children in their learning processes.
The 'Find the Difference' game requires participants to identify three discrepancies between two pictures.
The 'Find the Difference' game requires participants to identify three discrepancies between two pictures.
Humanism suggests that all people share the same basic needs regardless of their backgrounds.
Humanism suggests that all people share the same basic needs regardless of their backgrounds.
Myelination is a factor that contributes to the brain's ability to learn languages.
Myelination is a factor that contributes to the brain's ability to learn languages.
Semilingualism indicates that children are proficient in both languages they are learning.
Semilingualism indicates that children are proficient in both languages they are learning.
Vygotsky believed that what a child can do alone is more indicative of their mental development than what they can do with assistance.
Vygotsky believed that what a child can do alone is more indicative of their mental development than what they can do with assistance.
The references listed include works from different fields such as psychology and language education.
The references listed include works from different fields such as psychology and language education.
Instinctive fears, such as fear of snakes, may have evolved from the dangers faced by early humans.
Instinctive fears, such as fear of snakes, may have evolved from the dangers faced by early humans.
Language development is negatively impacted if children are exposed to multiple languages from an early age.
Language development is negatively impacted if children are exposed to multiple languages from an early age.
The activity using cards in the EC classroom focuses solely on memorization.
The activity using cards in the EC classroom focuses solely on memorization.
The traditional game 'find 5 differences' is primarily a visual activity for improving reading skills.
The traditional game 'find 5 differences' is primarily a visual activity for improving reading skills.
Images used in early childhood education serve only to display objects and are not meant to convey deeper meanings.
Images used in early childhood education serve only to display objects and are not meant to convey deeper meanings.
A primary function of language is to support linguistic conventions.
A primary function of language is to support linguistic conventions.
The phatic function of language is primarily concerned with maintaining the flow of communication.
The phatic function of language is primarily concerned with maintaining the flow of communication.
The reference by Kayi discusses activities specifically aimed at promoting listening skills in a second language.
The reference by Kayi discusses activities specifically aimed at promoting listening skills in a second language.
Mentors provide assistance without taking over the learning process, according to Vygotsky.
Mentors provide assistance without taking over the learning process, according to Vygotsky.
All forms of communication require the use of words.
All forms of communication require the use of words.
Different authors contributed to researching the influence of age on language attainment in the references provided.
Different authors contributed to researching the influence of age on language attainment in the references provided.
Language as a method of communication is instinctive and present in all species.
Language as a method of communication is instinctive and present in all species.
Children can only use images from the internet that are in the public domain.
Children can only use images from the internet that are in the public domain.
Early language development has no impact on later academic achievement.
Early language development has no impact on later academic achievement.
At the age of two, an average child knows about 500 words.
At the age of two, an average child knows about 500 words.
Five-year-olds can say almost everything due to their language development.
Five-year-olds can say almost everything due to their language development.
Telegraphic sentences contain full grammatical structures, including adjectives and adverbs.
Telegraphic sentences contain full grammatical structures, including adjectives and adverbs.
Some children can learn up to six times as many words as their peers.
Some children can learn up to six times as many words as their peers.
Understanding factors related to language development is irrelevant for educational programs.
Understanding factors related to language development is irrelevant for educational programs.
The best time to master a first language is during early childhood.
The best time to master a first language is during early childhood.
Centration refers to a child's ability to focus on multiple ideas simultaneously.
Centration refers to a child's ability to focus on multiple ideas simultaneously.
Egocentrism in children means they can understand perspectives different from their own.
Egocentrism in children means they can understand perspectives different from their own.
Static reasoning suggests that children believe that things can change over time.
Static reasoning suggests that children believe that things can change over time.
Irreversibility is the ability of children to understand that some processes can be undone.
Irreversibility is the ability of children to understand that some processes can be undone.
Conservation is the understanding that changes in appearance do not alter the amount of an object.
Conservation is the understanding that changes in appearance do not alter the amount of an object.
According to Piaget, there are three stages of cognitive development in children.
According to Piaget, there are three stages of cognitive development in children.
Children can perceive weights and sizes accurately under certain conditions after training.
Children can perceive weights and sizes accurately under certain conditions after training.
Animism is the belief that inanimate objects possess life and feelings.
Animism is the belief that inanimate objects possess life and feelings.
Role play activities allow students to assume various social roles and contexts.
Role play activities allow students to assume various social roles and contexts.
The information gap activity requires both students to share the same information.
The information gap activity requires both students to share the same information.
Brainstorming activities encourage students to generate ideas without respecting others' contributions.
Brainstorming activities encourage students to generate ideas without respecting others' contributions.
Picture describing involves students analyzing images and communicating their observations to the class.
Picture describing involves students analyzing images and communicating their observations to the class.
Story completion is a solitary activity where students work individually to write a story.
Story completion is a solitary activity where students work individually to write a story.
Students can promote their speaking skills through structured interviews using a rubric provided by the teacher.
Students can promote their speaking skills through structured interviews using a rubric provided by the teacher.
Fostering creative thinking in speaking can be done through activities like storytelling.
Fostering creative thinking in speaking can be done through activities like storytelling.
Real picture books are disliked by students due to their complexity.
Real picture books are disliked by students due to their complexity.
Circle time is a daily activity that typically lasts about 15-20 minutes.
Circle time is a daily activity that typically lasts about 15-20 minutes.
Teachers do not participate in children’s interactions during circle time.
Teachers do not participate in children’s interactions during circle time.
44% of a preschool day is spent on structured learning activities.
44% of a preschool day is spent on structured learning activities.
A primary goal of circle time is to acknowledge who is present and absent.
A primary goal of circle time is to acknowledge who is present and absent.
Circle time is characterized by the presence of strictly defined learning aims.
Circle time is characterized by the presence of strictly defined learning aims.
Children often have a specific spot assigned to them during circle time.
Children often have a specific spot assigned to them during circle time.
Quality of instruction in preschool is highly regarded and does not face challenges.
Quality of instruction in preschool is highly regarded and does not face challenges.
Children participating in circle time can enjoy activities like discussing the weather.
Children participating in circle time can enjoy activities like discussing the weather.
Children must use public domain images freely from the internet.
Children must use public domain images freely from the internet.
The average child knows about 1,000 words by the age of two.
The average child knows about 1,000 words by the age of two.
Language development is linked to later academic achievement.
Language development is linked to later academic achievement.
Children can develop skills in both a first and second language equally at any age.
Children can develop skills in both a first and second language equally at any age.
Telegraphic sentences typically include adjectives, articles, and adverbs.
Telegraphic sentences typically include adjectives, articles, and adverbs.
Some children can learn as many as ten new words a day.
Some children can learn as many as ten new words a day.
Understanding factors related to language development can inform educational programs.
Understanding factors related to language development can inform educational programs.
Language learning during early childhood is characterized by limited cognitive achievement.
Language learning during early childhood is characterized by limited cognitive achievement.
Having a variety of genres in a child's book area is essential for their reading development.
Having a variety of genres in a child's book area is essential for their reading development.
Parental attitudes towards early shared reading do not significantly influence a child's reading habits.
Parental attitudes towards early shared reading do not significantly influence a child's reading habits.
Frequency and duration of reading interactions between adults and children are unimportant in early literacy development.
Frequency and duration of reading interactions between adults and children are unimportant in early literacy development.
Teachers should promote reading at home by lending books to students.
Teachers should promote reading at home by lending books to students.
Comfort and neatness of the book area have minimal impact on children's interest in reading.
Comfort and neatness of the book area have minimal impact on children's interest in reading.
The style and approach of the teacher significantly affect the quality of shared reading events.
The style and approach of the teacher significantly affect the quality of shared reading events.
Children reading for pleasure lead to improved vocabulary and access to broader experiences.
Children reading for pleasure lead to improved vocabulary and access to broader experiences.
A book area should only contain books in one language to prevent confusion.
A book area should only contain books in one language to prevent confusion.
A Quiet Zone in early childhood education allows for solitary play and intimate interaction with an adult.
A Quiet Zone in early childhood education allows for solitary play and intimate interaction with an adult.
Outdoor spaces in early childhood education do not need to include covered areas for bad weather.
Outdoor spaces in early childhood education do not need to include covered areas for bad weather.
Teachers’ workspace in early childhood education is intended for teacher relaxation and preparation.
Teachers’ workspace in early childhood education is intended for teacher relaxation and preparation.
Ech Corners in a classroom are exclusively fixed areas for learning activities.
Ech Corners in a classroom are exclusively fixed areas for learning activities.
Rebecca's classroom includes a computer bay and a structured play area.
Rebecca's classroom includes a computer bay and a structured play area.
Many early childhood education classrooms use corners primarily for didactic purposes.
Many early childhood education classrooms use corners primarily for didactic purposes.
Setting clear rules and routines is an important aspect of managing a classroom.
Setting clear rules and routines is an important aspect of managing a classroom.
Circle time in a classroom is meant to isolate children from each other.
Circle time in a classroom is meant to isolate children from each other.
Fine motor skills typically mature about six months earlier in boys than in girls.
Fine motor skills typically mature about six months earlier in boys than in girls.
Myelination of the brain continues for several decades but is notably significant during early childhood.
Myelination of the brain continues for several decades but is notably significant during early childhood.
Adults must provide children with structured playdates to enhance their physical development.
Adults must provide children with structured playdates to enhance their physical development.
The brain matures significantly during early childhood, affecting impulsiveness and the ability to learn.
The brain matures significantly during early childhood, affecting impulsiveness and the ability to learn.
Cognitive, physical, social and language development are all optimized with the right stimulus during early childhood.
Cognitive, physical, social and language development are all optimized with the right stimulus during early childhood.
The critical-period hypothesis suggests that individuals can successfully learn languages after age 6.
The critical-period hypothesis suggests that individuals can successfully learn languages after age 6.
Learning two languages at an early age is linked to confusion in language development.
Learning two languages at an early age is linked to confusion in language development.
Myelination is a critical factor in brain maturation that supports language learning.
Myelination is a critical factor in brain maturation that supports language learning.
Children's language learning progresses more quickly the later they begin.
Children's language learning progresses more quickly the later they begin.
Phatic communication primarily aims to communicate detailed information.
Phatic communication primarily aims to communicate detailed information.
The metalinguistic function of language allows individuals to discuss grammar and sentence structure.
The metalinguistic function of language allows individuals to discuss grammar and sentence structure.
All human languages are instinctive and observed in other animal species.
All human languages are instinctive and observed in other animal species.
Expressive language is mainly characterized by its objectivity.
Expressive language is mainly characterized by its objectivity.
Having a variety of genres and difficulty levels in the home increases a child's interest in reading.
Having a variety of genres and difficulty levels in the home increases a child's interest in reading.
Adults should only read to children in large group settings to optimize learning.
Adults should only read to children in large group settings to optimize learning.
Parental attitudes significantly influence how children perceive the importance of reading.
Parental attitudes significantly influence how children perceive the importance of reading.
The size of the book area in early childhood classrooms is irrelevant to the effectiveness of reading practices.
The size of the book area in early childhood classrooms is irrelevant to the effectiveness of reading practices.
Children's cognitive operations are acknowledged to exist earlier than previously believed.
Children's cognitive operations are acknowledged to exist earlier than previously believed.
18-month-olds do not accurately predict an experimenter's desires based on her emotional responses.
18-month-olds do not accurately predict an experimenter's desires based on her emotional responses.
Reading materials in multiple languages can be beneficial for children's literacy development.
Reading materials in multiple languages can be beneficial for children's literacy development.
Frequency and duration of adult-child reading interactions do not impact a child's language development.
Frequency and duration of adult-child reading interactions do not impact a child's language development.
Children are encouraged to share their feelings during classroom assembly.
Children are encouraged to share their feelings during classroom assembly.
The role of children in the assembly is strictly passive and does not involve interaction.
The role of children in the assembly is strictly passive and does not involve interaction.
Connection between home reading practices and classroom reading initiatives is not necessary.
Connection between home reading practices and classroom reading initiatives is not necessary.
Teacher styles and approaches in group reading can significantly affect children's engagement and learning outcomes.
Teacher styles and approaches in group reading can significantly affect children's engagement and learning outcomes.
Children aged 4 years and younger lack the ability to compare quantities in rows of objects.
Children aged 4 years and younger lack the ability to compare quantities in rows of objects.
Flexible assembly setups foster interaction among children rather than competition.
Flexible assembly setups foster interaction among children rather than competition.
The capability of making logical operations is exclusive to older children.
The capability of making logical operations is exclusive to older children.
There are firmly established learning aims in the assembly area for children.
There are firmly established learning aims in the assembly area for children.
Children actively participating in circle time often feel a high affective quality in that environment.
Children actively participating in circle time often feel a high affective quality in that environment.
The Gross-Motor Skill Zone should provide opportunities to dance and jump within a spacious area.
The Gross-Motor Skill Zone should provide opportunities to dance and jump within a spacious area.
Teachers tend to elaborate and extend the conversations initiated by children during free play.
Teachers tend to elaborate and extend the conversations initiated by children during free play.
The Arts and Crafts Zone should be located far from a water source to prevent mess.
The Arts and Crafts Zone should be located far from a water source to prevent mess.
Children's initiative and planning are important components in the organization of an early childhood classroom.
Children's initiative and planning are important components in the organization of an early childhood classroom.
Limited research suggests a positive view regarding the effectiveness of circle time in early childhood education.
Limited research suggests a positive view regarding the effectiveness of circle time in early childhood education.
Teachers are often under pressure from external expectations, which affects classroom organization.
Teachers are often under pressure from external expectations, which affects classroom organization.
The Dramatic Play Zone is designed to limit children's pretend play activities.
The Dramatic Play Zone is designed to limit children's pretend play activities.
Behaviorists argue that development occurs in small increments rather than in specific stages.
Behaviorists argue that development occurs in small increments rather than in specific stages.
Classical conditioning involves linking a meaningful stimulus to a neutral stimulus.
Classical conditioning involves linking a meaningful stimulus to a neutral stimulus.
Operant conditioning asserts that behavior is maintained through reinforcement or punishment.
Operant conditioning asserts that behavior is maintained through reinforcement or punishment.
White coat syndrome is associated with a calming effect when visiting medical professionals.
White coat syndrome is associated with a calming effect when visiting medical professionals.
Social learning theory suggests that individuals can learn behaviors without direct reinforcement.
Social learning theory suggests that individuals can learn behaviors without direct reinforcement.
The concept of a meaningful stimulus is irrelevant in the process of classical conditioning.
The concept of a meaningful stimulus is irrelevant in the process of classical conditioning.
Behaviorism focuses on understanding the unconscious mind and hidden urges.
Behaviorism focuses on understanding the unconscious mind and hidden urges.
Operant conditioning was developed by Ivan Pavlov.
Operant conditioning was developed by Ivan Pavlov.
Flashcards
Motor Skills
Motor Skills
The ability to move the body, including skills like walking, running, jumping, and throwing.
Sensoriomotor Stage
Sensoriomotor Stage
A stage of childhood development where children learn by experiencing the world through their senses and actions. They learn through trial and error and exploring objects.
Preoperational Stage
Preoperational Stage
A stage where children begin to use symbols, like words or pictures, to represent things in their minds. They can imagine and pretend, but their thinking is still not very logical.
Object Permanence
Object Permanence
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Concrete Operational Stage
Concrete Operational Stage
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Formal Operational Stage
Formal Operational Stage
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Conservation
Conservation
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Classification
Classification
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Cognitive Development
Cognitive Development
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Empirical Evidence
Empirical Evidence
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Early Reasoning About Desires
Early Reasoning About Desires
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Cognitive Capacity of Young Children
Cognitive Capacity of Young Children
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Assembly
Assembly
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Repacholi and Gopnik (1997) Study
Repacholi and Gopnik (1997) Study
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Mehler and Bever (1967) Study
Mehler and Bever (1967) Study
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Assembly's Purpose
Assembly's Purpose
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Language Development
Language Development
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Social Development
Social Development
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Socioeconomic Status
Socioeconomic Status
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Language Learning
Language Learning
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Telegraphic Sentences
Telegraphic Sentences
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Comprehension
Comprehension
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Speech
Speech
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Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
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Mentor
Mentor
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Joint Construction
Joint Construction
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Sociocultural Theory
Sociocultural Theory
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Humanism
Humanism
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Evolutionary Theory
Evolutionary Theory
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ICT Images
ICT Images
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Images as Storytellers
Images as Storytellers
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Find the Difference
Find the Difference
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Playing Cards in EC
Playing Cards in EC
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Memory
Memory
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Working Memory
Working Memory
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Critical Period Hypothesis
Critical Period Hypothesis
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Sensitive Period for Language
Sensitive Period for Language
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Semilingualism
Semilingualism
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Communication
Communication
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Referential/Informative Function
Referential/Informative Function
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Conative Function
Conative Function
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Expressive/Emotional Function
Expressive/Emotional Function
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Poetic Function
Poetic Function
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Animism
Animism
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Centration
Centration
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Egocentrism
Egocentrism
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Focus on Appearance
Focus on Appearance
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Static Reasoning
Static Reasoning
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Irreversibility
Irreversibility
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Logical Thinking
Logical Thinking
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Circle Time
Circle Time
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Conceptual Instruction
Conceptual Instruction
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Instructional Time
Instructional Time
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Circle Time Activities
Circle Time Activities
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Circle Time Benefits
Circle Time Benefits
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Challenges in Early Childhood Instruction
Challenges in Early Childhood Instruction
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Warmth and Sensitivity in Preschool
Warmth and Sensitivity in Preschool
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Language in Conceptual Instruction
Language in Conceptual Instruction
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Role Play
Role Play
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Information Gap
Information Gap
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Brainstorming
Brainstorming
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Storytelling
Storytelling
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Who's Who? - Question-Answer
Who's Who? - Question-Answer
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Interviews
Interviews
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Picture Describing
Picture Describing
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Story Completion
Story Completion
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Shared Book Reading (SBR)
Shared Book Reading (SBR)
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Impact of Books in the Home
Impact of Books in the Home
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Adult-Child Communication in SBR
Adult-Child Communication in SBR
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Book Area in the Classroom
Book Area in the Classroom
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Time for SBR
Time for SBR
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Curricular Integration in SBR
Curricular Integration in SBR
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Nature of the SBR Event
Nature of the SBR Event
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Connecting Home & Classroom Reading
Connecting Home & Classroom Reading
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What is a 'corner' in the context of an early childhood classroom?
What is a 'corner' in the context of an early childhood classroom?
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What is the purpose of a 'Quiet Zone' in an early childhood classroom?
What is the purpose of a 'Quiet Zone' in an early childhood classroom?
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What is the main function of a 'Construction area' in an early childhood classroom?
What is the main function of a 'Construction area' in an early childhood classroom?
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What is the purpose of a 'Book corner' in an early childhood classroom?
What is the purpose of a 'Book corner' in an early childhood classroom?
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What is the purpose of a 'Structured play area' in an early childhood classroom?
What is the purpose of a 'Structured play area' in an early childhood classroom?
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What is the purpose of a 'Mini world' area in an early childhood classroom?
What is the purpose of a 'Mini world' area in an early childhood classroom?
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What is the purpose of a 'Computer bay' in an early childhood classroom?
What is the purpose of a 'Computer bay' in an early childhood classroom?
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What is the purpose of a 'Teachers' workspace' in an early childhood classroom?
What is the purpose of a 'Teachers' workspace' in an early childhood classroom?
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Myelination
Myelination
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Sensitive Period
Sensitive Period
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Corners
Corners
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Golden Stage
Golden Stage
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Fine Motor Skills
Fine Motor Skills
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Classroom Corner
Classroom Corner
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Gross-Motor Skill Zone
Gross-Motor Skill Zone
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Construction Area
Construction Area
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Dramatic Play Zone
Dramatic Play Zone
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Dramatic Play
Dramatic Play
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Arts and Crafts Zone
Arts and Crafts Zone
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Quiet Zone
Quiet Zone
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Behaviorism
Behaviorism
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Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
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Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
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Social Learning
Social Learning
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White Coat Syndrome
White Coat Syndrome
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Social Learning Theory
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What is Shared Book Reading (SBR)?
What is Shared Book Reading (SBR)?
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Study Notes
Block I: CLIL for Very Young Learners: Early Childhood Development
- Introduction: Early childhood development is optimal with the right stimulus.
- General Ideas: Children's growth varies based on genes, nutrition, income, and ethnicity. Brain maturation, particularly myelination, is significant during early childhood, leading to improved learning abilities.
Introduction
- Early childhood development: A crucial stage for maximizing development, maximizing learning potential.
- Golden Stage: Emphasizes the maximization of development through the right stimulus in cognitive, physical, social, and language domains. Saputra et al., 2020, likely supports the idea of this "Golden Stage."
Introduction - General Ideas
- Child development: Variations in height, weight, and development depend on genes, nutrition, and socioeconomic factors.
- Brain maturation: The brain continues to develop during early childhood. Myelination (crucial for brain function) is noticeable during this phase, essential for improved learning.
- Decreased impulsiveness/perseverance: Impulsiveness and perseverance reduce, enabling better learning capacity.
Physical Development
- Gross motor skills: Improve dramatically between ages 2 and 6. Adults should provide safe space, time, and playmates for optimal development. Children learn best by interacting with peers who demonstrate skills they are ready for. Culture and locale heavily influence development.
- Fine motor skills: More challenging to master than gross motor skills. Writing, needing muscular control, is a complex skill that necessitates practice and maturation for mastery. Development is typically six months earlier in girls compared to boys.
Physical Development - Motor Skills detailed by ages
- 2 Years: Running, climbing, walking up stairs, self-feeding, drawing lines/spirals.
- 3 Years: Kicking and throwing a ball, jumping, riding a tricycle, copying simple shapes (circle, rectangle), walking down stairs, climbing ladders.
- 4 Years: Catching a ball, using scissors, hopping on one foot, self-feeding with a fork, dressing themselves (basic items), copying letters, pouring juice without spilling, brushing teeth.
- 5 Years: Skipping/galloping, clapping/singing/rhythm, copying more complex shapes and letters, climbing trees/jumping over things, using knives, tying shoes, throwing a ball, washing face/combing hair.
- 6 Years: Drawing and painting, writing simple words, scanning print, riding a bicycle, doing a cartwheel, tying shoes, catching a ball.
Cognitive Development
- Sensorimotor to Preoperational: Children don't yet use logical reasoning. Symbolic thinking - using objects or words to represent ideas, including concepts not physically present. Though vocabulary and imagination can be strong, logical connections are still developing.
- Obstacles to Logical Thinking:
- Animism: Belief that natural objects/phenomena have life.
- Centration: Focusing on a single part of a situation.
- Egocentrism: Thinking purely from one's own perspective.
- Focus on Appearance: Ignoring attributes not immediately evident.
- Static Reasoning: Belief that nothing changes.
- Irreversibility: Inability to mentally reverse actions/processes.
Cognitive Development - Conservation and Logic
- Conservation: The idea that quantity remains the same regardless of changes in appearance.
- Volume, Number, Matter, Length: Illustrative examples of conservation tasks and typical preoperational responses.
Cognitive Development - Empirical Evidence
- Weight comparison: Empirical studies (using objects like screws/cork balls, bananas/tomatoes) consistently demonstrate challenges with grasping quantity vs. size.
- Child reasoning about desires: Studies show young children can infer adults' desires based on emotional reactions, indicating awareness of other people's intentions.
Assembly
- Description: A space for reflection and sharing in the classroom. It's relevant for learning, flexible, emphasizing student feelings, peer interaction, and informal learning aims. A child may take charge of helping the teacher each day.
Relevant area of learning (short learning lessons)
- Comfort: Students are comfortable sitting on the floor.
- Flexibility: The approach is flexible, combining content and feelings.
- Interaction: It fosters interaction and participation among children.
- Learning aims: No predefined learning aims.
- Teacher support: A child may assist the teacher each day.
Theories of Development
- Theory definition: An explanation of facts/observations utilizing concepts/ideas to understand experiences.
- Theory role: Theories clarify environment and phenomena, aiding decision-making (for students aged 3-6).
- Developmental theory: A group of ideas/assumptions interpreting human growth. It helps understand "how" and "why" people change as they age.
Grand Theories
- Psychoanalytic theory (Freud/Erikson): Development arises from inner drives, deep motives, and unconscious needs rooted in childhood. Stages emphasize sexual interest/pleasure in different body parts.
- Behaviorism (Learning theory) (Watson, Skinner): Focuses solely on observable behavior. Learning occurs incrementally. Includes classical & operant conditioning.
- Classical Conditioning (Pavlov): Learning through associating a neutral stimulus with a meaningful one.
- Operant Conditioning (Skinner): Learning through consequences (rewards/punishments).
- Social Learning (Bandura): Learning by observing others and modeling behavior.
- Cognitive theory (Piaget/Information Processing): Understanding how thought changes over time and influences behavior. Learning builds on previously acquired knowledge. This theory presents identifiable stages of cognitive development. Information processing theory suggests that the mind works like a computer with stages of input, processing and output in addition to storage.
Newer Theories
- Sociocultural theory (Vygotsky): Development is a product of dynamic interaction between the individual and the surrounding society/culture. A mentor guides the learner's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD).
- Humanism: Emphasizes the inherent potential for good in all people and the universality of basic needs.
- Evolutionary theory: Many human behaviors evolved to support survival & thriving, many millennia ago.
ICT: Images
- Picture use: Useful for guiding routines, enriching teaching, highlighting values, creating stories, stimulating thinking/imagination, supporting communication, and attracting attention, as a means of enhancing and facilitating learning.
- Internet image use: Requires public domain images for free use.
- Open source image search engines: Sites like Pixabay, Pexels, etc.
Curriculum: Early Childhood
- Objective: Develop communication skills across various languages/forms of expression. This includes diverse language exploration; communication through play & expressing ideas.
- Key competencies: Linguistic communication, and multilingualism.
- Multilingual competence: Fosters contact with various languages/cultures, promoting respect, appreciation for diverse languages/cultures, and encouraging interest in enriching their linguistic repertoire.
Curriculum - Operational Descriptors
- CP1: Recognizing and utilizing other languages, apart from the first, in simplified communicative interactions.
- CP2: Appreciating linguistic diversity and engaging with new languages in a guided context.
- CP3: Interest and acceptance in diverse languages/cultures, promoting coexistence.
Circle Time
- Characteristics: Predominantly teacher-led activity lasting 15-20 minutes, occurring nearly every day, and typically focused on the group seating together for whole-group activities.
- Approaches: Includes activities like attendance, discussing events, singing songs, reviews of the next day's schedule, books, and general daily routines.
- Benefits: Offers a comfortable/relevant learning environment promoting interaction and feelings; accommodating flexible learning aims, and providing teacher support from children.
- Concerns: Primarily focused on repeat activities/memorization, lacking opportunities for abstract thought/give-and-take conversations. Potential low richness in teacher-child interactions and limited research, along with the length of directed, still-sitting activities, might negatively impact a child's learning outcomes.
Areas in Early Childhood Education
- Gross motor: Space for movement, incorporating play structures (tunnels, slides), push/pull toys, enabling various physical activities.
- Dramatic play: Includes props (kitchen appliances, living room items, or a theater area), allowing creative interactions and imaginative play.
- Arts and crafts: A dedicated wet area for creative exploration using sand, water, paint, etc., ideally placed near a water source, with washable flooring.
- Quiet zone: Personal space for interaction with adults and for solitary play or rest (carpets, comfortable chairs, low bookcases, stuffed toys).
- Outdoor space: Extension of the classroom including various features, like a garden, quiet areas, and a covered outdoor space for activities during inclement weather.
- Multipurpose room: Napping, eating, large group activities.
- Teachers’ workspace: Enables preparation and relaxation, includes storage space.
Rebecca's Classroom (26 children)
- Classroom description: Cozy 'home' atmosphere using various activity zones (computer, office, interest tables, mini-world low tables, recycled materials bay, easel bay, construction, comfy, story-time, structured play, book corner) with emphasis on providing a home-like environment.
- Key points: Clear rules and routines, bringing everyone together in circle time, using furniture arrangement creatively, providing specific activity needs, offering time/space to explore, reflect, and relax, and having clearly designated bays (materials/resources) that are clearly labeled, enhancing learning and activity choice. Flexible environment.
Shared Book Reading (SBR)
- Definition: An interactive experience of shared reading between an adult and a young child. This involves the use of books as a tool to foster interaction, communication, and deeper engagement.
- Requirements: Adult participation (parents, teachers, etc.), regular/consistent engagement across time using the book as a stimulus for conversation, and active child involvement (turning pages, asking questions, reciting stories, etc.).
- Variables:
- Age: Earlier interventions promote earlier/greater benefits.
- Frequency: Regular exposure enhances positive outcomes.
- Number of books: Correlation between number of books in the home, access, and availability and child development of reading skill growth.
- Conclusion: Understanding multiple factors influencing early shared reading practices. These include the timing of introduction, interactions between the adult and the child, quantity/diversity of books at home, and the adults'/parents' perception & promotion of reading, impacting engagement in that activity.
Development of Linguistic Skills
- Components: Oral comprehension, listening, speaking, reading, writing, oral expression, and written expression form interconnected skills that contribute to a child’s linguistic development.
Additional Information
- Specific details, while useful, are incomplete about the "Golden Stage" & "Zone of Proximal Development", but are still pertinent for learning the overall developmental structure.
- Details about specific programs, such as CLIL, remain unavailable, though likely embedded in the information shared.
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Description
Explore key concepts in child development, including cognitive operations and sensory discrimination in young children. This quiz covers findings from significant studies, including those by Mehler and Bever, and details about developmental milestones. Test your knowledge on the behaviors and abilities of children from infancy through early childhood.
