Child Development Chapter 5 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What does the term 'percentile' refer to?

A medical condition in infants

A type of food measurement

A cognitive function in the brain

A point on a ranking scale of 0 to 100 (correct)

A serious medical condition in early infancy, when the baby does not gain weight as rapidly as he or she is expected to is called failure to ________.

thrive

A stage of sleep characterized by flickering eyes behind closed lids, dreaming, and rapid brain waves is _____ sleep.

REM

What is head-sparing?

A biological mechanism that protects the brain when malnutrition disrupts body growth. Signup and view all the answers

What is a neuron?

A nerve cell in the central nervous system, especially in the brain. Signup and view all the answers

Most thinking, feeling, and sensing involves the ________.

cortex Signup and view all the answers

The area of the cortex at the very front of the brain that specializes in anticipation, planning, and impulse control is the ________ cortex.

prefrontal Signup and view all the answers

What is an axon?

A fiber that extends from a neuron and transmits impulses to other neurons. Signup and view all the answers

What is a dendrite?

A fiber that receives impulses from other neurons via their axons. Signup and view all the answers

What is a synapse?

The intersection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of other neurons. Signup and view all the answers

What is a neurotransmitter?

A brain chemical that carries information between neurons. Signup and view all the answers

The pathway across which neurotransmitters carry information from the axon of the sending neuron to the dendrites of the receiving neuron is called the _______ gap.

synaptic Signup and view all the answers

The great but temporary increase in the number of dendrites that develop in an infant's brain during the first two years of life is ________ exuberance.

transient Signup and view all the answers

What is pruning?

The process by which unused connections in the brain atrophy and die. Signup and view all the answers

Brain functions that require certain basic common experiences in order to develop normally is called experience-________ brain functions.

expectant Signup and view all the answers

Brain functions that depend on particular, variable experiences and that therefore may or may not develop in a particular infant is called experience-_________ brain functions.

dependent Signup and view all the answers

A life-threatening injury that occurs when an infant is forcefully shaken back and forth is called ______ baby syndrome.

shaken Signup and view all the answers

What does self-righting refer to?

The inborn drive to remedy a developmental deficit. Signup and view all the answers

What is sensation?

The response of a sensory system when it detects a stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is perception?

The mental processing of sensory information. Signup and view all the answers

The ability to focus the two eyes in a coordinated manner in order to see one image is called _______ vision.

binocular Signup and view all the answers

What are motor skills?

The learned abilities to move parts of the body. Signup and view all the answers

Physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping are called ______ motor skills.

gross Signup and view all the answers

Physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers, are called _______ motor skills.

fine Signup and view all the answers

What does SIDS stand for?

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Signup and view all the answers

What is immunization?

A process that stimulates the body's immune system to defend against diseases. Signup and view all the answers

What is malnutrition?

A condition resulting from inadequate nutrition. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Concepts in Child Development

Percentile: A ranking scale from 0 to 100 indicating the relative standing of an individual within a population, with the 50th percentile representing the midpoint.
Thrive: Refers to a serious condition in early infancy known as failure to thrive, where a baby does not meet expected weight gain.
REM Sleep: Characterized by rapid eye movement, dreaming, and brain activity. Essential for cognitive functioning.
Head-sparing: A biological response that protects the brain during malnutrition; the brain is prioritized over other body growth.
Neuron: Fundamental nerve cell in the central nervous system, crucial for transmitting signals.
Cortex: Outermost layer of the brain responsible for complex functions like thinking and sensory processing.
Prefrontal Cortex: Located at the brain's front, it specializes in planning, impulse control, and anticipation.
Axon: Fiber that transmits electrochemical impulses from a neuron to other neurons’ dendrites.
Dendrite: Fibers that receive signals from other neurons via their axons, playing a key role in communication.
Synapse: The junction where an axon meets the dendrites of another neuron, vital for neural communication.
Neurotransmitter: Chemical messengers that convey information between neurons at the synapse.
Synaptic Gap: The space across which neurotransmitters travel to relay signals between neurons.
Transient Exuberance: A rapid increase in the development of dendrites in an infant's brain during the first two years.
Pruning: The process where unused neural connections diminish, enhancing the efficiency of the brain’s network.
Experience-Expectant Functions: Brain functions that rely on universal experiences to develop normally in infants.
Experience-Dependent Functions: Brain functions that depend on specific, individual experiences and may vary by infant.
Shaken Baby Syndrome: A severe form of child abuse resulting in serious brain injury due to forceful shaking.
Self-righting: An innate drive in people of all ages to regain balance, both physically and emotionally.
Sensation: The sensory system's response to external stimuli from the environment.
Perception: The mental process through which the brain interprets sensory information.
Binocular Vision: The ability to focus both eyes together to perceive a single image, facilitating depth perception.
Motor Skills: Defined as the learned abilities to control body movements, varying from gross to fine movements.
Gross Motor Skills: Large body movements such as walking, running, and jumping.
Fine Motor Skills: Precise movements involving hands and fingers, such as drawing or grasping small objects.
SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome): A tragic condition where an otherwise healthy infant unexpectedly dies in sleep, usually between 2 and 6 months old.
Immunization: A preventative health measure that activates the immune system to protect against contagious diseases.
Malnutrition: A condition stemming from inadequate nutrition, affecting growth and development.

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Test your knowledge of key terms in Child Development with these flashcards from Chapter 5. This quiz covers essential vocabulary and concepts related to child growth and health. Perfect for students preparing for exams or anyone interested in child development.