Child Development and Milestones Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following milestones of cognitive development have most three-and four-year-olds achieved?

Stating the months of the year in correct order

Reading text accurately from a picture book

Distinguishing between left and right

Understanding of past and present (correct)

Which of the following utterances made by a six-year-old is most closely associated with a speech impairment?

I goed swimming yesterday.

My mommy loves fishes.

I saw a wabbit.

Yoot a de bue tain. (correct)

Which of the following developmental milestones of communication is most closely related to a typically developing five-month-old infant?

Pointing to body parts when prompted (e.g., "Where's your nose?")

Following one-step directions (e.g., "Roll the ball.")

Saying one or two words (e.g., Mommy)

Making babbling sounds (e.g., dadada) (correct)

A high school student with moderate autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may likely require additional support in which of the following areas of social-emotional development?

Responding in an expected way to the facial expressions of others Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following emotional responses to accidentally breaking a toy would be typical of a two-year-old child who is developing along expected timelines?

Crying and asking for the toy to be fixed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes for learning across domains best supports early elementary school students' development?

Engaging students in frequent unstructured play and exploration Signup and view all the answers

A young child is exposed to rich, meaningful conversations and engages in many discussions with family members. This will most likely support the child's development in which of the following areas of literacy development?

Vocabulary knowledge Signup and view all the answers

A second-grade student recently arrived from another country to the US. The student demonstrates a speech sound disorder when speaking their home languages, which had a different alphabetic system than English. As a result of these factors, which of the following language milestones will be most directly impacted when the student learns English?

Accurately decoding written words Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following descriptions best characterizes a student with a developmental delay?

A 5-year-old does not yet understand the concept of counting or sorting objects by color Signup and view all the answers

A six-year-old student with mixed hearing loss often struggled to hear some word endings. Which of the following challenges related to language development may the student face as a result?

Misunderstanding and misusing verb tenses and plural word forms Signup and view all the answers

Early in the school year, a parent of a five-year-old with a developmental delay has noticed their child has been having more difficulty with behavior at home since school started and asks the child's teacher for suggestions on establishing a more predictable schedule for the child when not at school. Which of the following resources should the teacher suggest?

A list of sample home routines for the parent to model and adapt as needed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following behaviors is most closely associated with a ten-year-old with a social-emotional disorder?

Crying for long periods of time when separated from a caregiver at drop-off Signup and view all the answers

A nine-year-old student with a fluency disorder struggles with initiating speech and, when nervous, speaks at a fast rate with moments of disfluency. Consequently, the student is often misunderstood by peers and adults. Which of the following academic difficulties is the student likely to have as a result?

Engaging in oral discussions or conversations in class Signup and view all the answers

A middle school student with a social-emotional disorder has experienced trauma related to a recent natural disaster and is fearful about the possibility of having this experience again. The student's special education teacher and content-area teachers meet to discuss the student and note that the student exhibits trouble focusing and sometimes paces around the room, even during subjects that are of high interest. The teachers consider ways to support the student's learning during this time. Which of the following questions would be most effective in initially supporting the student?

How can we ensure the student feels safe? Signup and view all the answers

A fifth-grade student has low vision and wears glasses. The student enjoys listening to and telling stories but finds reading independently for sustained periods of time tiring. Based on this information, which of the following academic tasks would the student likely find difficult?

Summarizing a chapter from a narrative text Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is most critical during the initial stage or formal transition planning for a 14-year-old?

Conducting an assessment of the student's needs, strengths, preferences, and interests Signup and view all the answers

A special education teacher must take which of the following steps when requesting information from a psychiatrist about a student as part of the special education assessment process?

Obtaining written consent from the parent/guardian Signup and view all the answers

A special education teacher is summarizing the evaluation findings of a second-grade student with a suspected intellectual disability. As part of the assessment, the teacher administered a standardized assessment that is normed on a younger population of students to obtain information about the student's development age-equivalency. Which of the following strategies related to scoring the assessment would be most appropriate in ensuring the accuracy of the information?

Presenting the findings descriptively without reporting standardized scores Signup and view all the answers

For which of the following purposes would a behavior frequency chart be used most appropriately?

Establishing the baseline for a student's behavior Signup and view all the answers

A special education team is discussing the evaluation process for a student who is suspected of having a specific learning disability. Which of the following assessment practices would be most appropriate to ensure that the process is fair and equitable?

Administering and reporting data from a variety of sources and assessments Signup and view all the answers

Evaluating students' performance using a growth model that incorporates multiple measures of learning compared at different points in time benefits students in which of the following ways?

It enables teachers to use the academic progress of students as a valid measure of learning Signup and view all the answers

Screening tools are best described as forms of assessment that have which of the following characteristics?

They indicate when further assessment or intervention may be needed Signup and view all the answers

A student with hearing loss communicates primarily using ASL and uses an educational interpreter at school. For an upcoming state assessment, which of the following accommodations would best support this student's needs while maintaining the validity of the assessment?

Using a sign language interpreter for verbally presented directions or responding to test-specific questions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following communication strategies would be most appropriate for a special education teacher to use when describing assessment results to family members during an initial eligibility meeting?

Paraphrasing and summarizing the key information presented in the assessment report Signup and view all the answers

After a functional behavior assessment has been conducted, an intervention team meets to create a behavior intervention plan for a student with an emotional disability who has recently been demonstrating disruptive behavior that has not responded to informal intervention approaches. The team begins the BIP by developing short-term and long-term behavioral goals. A primary purpose of this step of goal development is to:

Identify acceptable alternative behaviors that serve the same purpose as the challenging behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is required by federal law to be completed by a school before determining that a middle school student who had been identified as having a specific learning disability no longer meets the criteria for special education services?

Requesting parental/guardian consent to administer a full educational assessment Signup and view all the answers

An elementary school offers a weekly art class for all students. Early in the school year, the art teacher asks the special education teacher to collaborate on modifying the learning environment for a student who receives special education services and needs support following multistep instructions. Which of the following strategies would best address the student's needs?

Creating a digital sequencing board for the student to use on their tablet Signup and view all the answers

According to IL law, which of the following steps must occur prior to holding an eligibility meeting for a student who has undergone a full educational evaluation for a suspected learning disability?

Parents/guardians must be provided with written copies of all reports and materials that will be discussed at least three days prior to the meeting Signup and view all the answers

A special education teacher contacts parents/guardians prior to a meeting at which assessment results will be presented. The teacher asks if any accommodations are needed and learns there will be a family member present who speaks a language other than English. The family requests an interpreter to ensure everyone understands the discussion. Which of the following steps would be the most appropriate response to this request?

Arranging for an educational interpreter and contacting them before the meeting to discuss assessment-related terminology that may be used Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors has the highest importance when deciding a student's eligibility for special education services?

The recommendation of the full assessment team Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following educational practices most directly supports appropriate identification of students from diverse backgrounds who should be referred to intervention teams for language-based disabilities?

Providing literacy instruction to promote academic vocabulary Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of information is a school most likely trying to determine by conducting a risk ratio of students receiving special educational services?

Assessing whether any particular population of students is being identified as needing special education services at a higher or lower rate than expected Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following situations represents the provision of related services in the least restrictive environment?

A speech language pathologist provides consultation with the classroom teacher to discuss strategies for interventions and data collection on a student's language-related goals Signup and view all the answers

As part of preparation for writing a student's IEP progress report, special education teachers and service providers must:

Measure and document a student's gains toward attaining annual goals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies would best facilitate collaboration and accountability among IEP team members when developing a student's IEP?

Projecting the working IEP onto a screen during the meeting and editing the sections as they are discussed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps must be completed when developing transition plans as part of a high school student's IEP (program)?

Extending an IEP meeting invitation to agencies or networks that will support the student's transition to various adult life roles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following questions would be most important to consider when determining the appropriateness of a student's placement in the general education setting?

What supports does the student need to access the curriculum and be successful in the classroom? Signup and view all the answers

An IEP team is working on developing standards-based educational goals and benchmarks for a student in second grade who has a specific learning disability. Which of the following steps in this goal development process is most important to take after reviewing the student's present level of performance?

Identifying a grade-level learning outcome affected by the area of need and writing a goal addressing the outcome Signup and view all the answers

A special education teacher is conferring with a fourth-grade general education teacher about the routine that occurs at the end of the school day. A student in the class uses a wheelchair for mobility, and the general education teacher discloses that the student rarely participates when students are asked to help tidy the classroom. Which of the following strategies for the general education teacher would best address this situation in a way that enhances the classroom community?

Assigning each student a specific classroom job to complete at the end of each day Signup and view all the answers

A middle school student who has a specific learning disability that primarily affects decoding attends class in the general education setting. The student's English language arts class is co-taught by a general education teacher and a special education teacher. Students are about to begin a unit in which they will read modern works of fiction. Which of the following strategies would provide the most appropriate modification of this text for this student?

Providing the student with an audio recording of the novel Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors should be considered when determining if word prediction software would promote a student's access to the curriculum?

Does the student have basic phonological awareness skills? Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classroom strategies would best support feelings of empowerment and self-esteem in students with disabilities?

Keeping challenges with students' abilities to ensure success on tasks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios illustrates a teacher who is interpreting students' communication patterns based on their own personal cultural background?

A teacher views students' active verbal participation as a sign of engagement and competence Signup and view all the answers

A special education teacher is working with students in a life-skills program on specific vocational skills that will be needed to participate in a community employment program. The teacher is using a backward design approach and has determined the desired skills and developed a rubric that assesses student learning outcomes. Which of the following questions would the teacher address next in evaluating what is needed for effective instruction?

Do planned lessons contribute to student success on the competencies measured by the assessment? Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies would best support the communication needs of a third-grade student who uses a speech-generating communication device when engaging in group work?

Ensuring the device has appropriate words and phrases for social interactions as well as academic work Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following situations represents the provision of related services in the LRE?

A speech language pathologist provides consultation with the classroom teacher to discuss strategies for interventions and data collection on a students language-related goals Signup and view all the answers

A middle school student who has a SLD that primarily affects decoding attends class in the general education setting. The student's English language arts class is co-taught by a general education teacher and a special education teacher. Students are about to begin a unit in which they will read modern works of fiction. Which of the following strategies would provide the most appropriate modification of this text for this student?

providing the student with an audio recording of the novel Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cognitive Development Milestones

Three- and four-year-olds typically understand the concept of past and present.

Speech Impairment

A six-year-old's utterance "Yoot a de bue tain" (Look at the blue train) is indicative of a potential speech impairment.

Infant Communication

A typically developing five-month-old infant can make babbling sounds like "dadada."

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

High school students with moderate ASD may need more support understanding facial expressions.

Emotional Responses in Two-Year-Olds

A two-year-old who is developing typically would likely cry and ask for a broken toy to be fixed.

Elementary School Learning

Engaging in unstructured play and exploration is a key process for early elementary learning.

Literacy Development

Exposure to rich conversations fosters vocabulary knowledge in young children.

Language Milestones Impact

A student newly arrived from another country to the US with a speech sound disorder would experience challenges when learning English (specifically, accurately decoding words).

Developmental Delay

A five-year-old who doesn't understand counting or sorting objects by color demonstrates a potential developmental delay.

Hearing Loss and Language

A six-year-old with mixed hearing loss, struggling with hearing word endings, may face challenges with verb tenses and plural word forms.

Home Routine and Predictability

Providing sample routines for parents to model and adapt to their child's needs will support the child's predictable schedule.

A ten-year-old with a social-emotional disorder may exhibit crying for long periods when separated from a caregiver.

Fluency Disorder and Academic Difficulties

A nine-year-old with a fluency disorder may struggle with engaging in oral class discussions.

Trauma and Learning

Supporting a student's feelings of safety is paramount when the student has experienced trauma.

Low Vision and Academic Tasks

A fifth-grade student with low vision might find summarizing chapters in narrative texts more challenging than other tasks.

Transition Planning

Assessing a student's needs, strengths, preferences, and interests is essential for initial transition planning.

Special Education Assessments

Obtaining written consent from the parent/guardian is a crucial step when requesting information from a psychiatrist during a special education assessment.

Intellectual Disability Assessment

Presenting evaluation findings descriptively, without standardized scores is often more appropriate when assessing students with suspected intellectual disabilities.

Behavior Frequency Charts

Behavior frequency charts can establish a baseline for a student's behavior.

Equitable Assessment Practices

Using a variety of assessment sources and types ensures an equitable evaluation process.

Growth Model in Education

A growth model evaluation incorporating multiple measures offers a more nuanced understanding of learning progress.

Screening Tools

Screening tools identify when further assessment or intervention is needed.

Accommodations for Hearing Loss

A sign language interpreter is the best accommodation for a student with hearing loss accessing state assessments.

Communicating Assessment Results

Summarizing key information from assessment reports during eligibility meetings is the most effective communication.

Behavior Intervention Plans (BIP)

Identifying acceptable alternative behaviors is a crucial step in developing a BIP for a student with emotional disabilities.

Terminating Special Education Services

Obtaining parental/guardian consent for the full educational assessment is required before terminating special education services.

Multistep Instructions Accessibility

A digital sequencing board is a helpful strategy for students needing support with multistep instructions.

IEP Meeting Preparation

Providing written copies of assessment reports to parents/guardians at least three days before the IEP meeting.

Family Communication in IEP Meetings

Arranging for an educational interpreter who understands assessment-related terminology supports the family.

Eligibility for Special Education

The full assessment team's recommendations are the most crucial factor when deciding a student's eligibility for special education.

Language-Based Disabilities Identification

Literacy instruction focusing on academic vocabulary effectively helps identify students needing language supports.

Special Education Service Risk Ratios

Analyzing the risk ratio identifies any population disproportionately needing special education.

A speech language pathologist consulting with the classroom teacher on interventions is an example of related services in the least restrictive environment

IEP Progress Reports

Documenting a student's progress toward annual IEP goals is a crucial step in creating progress reports.

IEP Team Collaboration

Using a shared IEP document projected on a screen and collaboratively editing it improves collaboration.

Transition Planning for High School

Inviting agencies supporting transition to adult life is essential for transition plans.

Student Placement Appropriateness

Considering the student's supports' needs in the classroom to succeed in the general education environment is crucial.

IEP Goals and Benchmarks

Identify a grade-level learning outcome and write a goal addressing it after reviewing the student's current performance.

General Education Strategies for Students in Wheelchairs

Assigning each student a specific classroom job addresses the situation while creating a sense of community.

Modifications for Students with Decoding Difficulties

Providing an audio recording of a novel is a good accommodation for a student with decoding difficulties.

Word Prediction Software

Determining if a student has basic phonological awareness skills is crucial before using word prediction software.

Classroom Strategies and Empowerment

Maintaining challenges appropriate for student ability while still encouraging success fosters self-esteem.

Cultural Biases in Teaching

Reflecting on personal cultural biases and generalizations about students is essential to becoming culturally responsive.

Vocational Assessments

Conducting functional vocational assessments is crucial to inform community-based job goals.

Parent/Guardian Communication

Implementing methods of communication preferred by parents promotes collaboration.

Classroom Library Diversity:

Ensuring access to diverse books is important to positively reflect students' cultures.

Professional Development

Engaging in related professional development activities supports remaining current in research-validated practices.

Self-Reflection in Education

Maintaining a teacher journal for self-reflection on teaching experience is a useful tool.

Environmental Modifications for Assessments

Adjusting the assessment environment to reduce distractions supports accurate assessment results.

Addressing Cultural Biases

Engaging in self-reflection and acknowledging personal assumptions and generalizations is important in recognizing cultural biases.

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)

Advocating for the least restrictive environment means considering services within the classroom rather than separate settings.

Parents' Rights

Parents have the right to request a special education evaluation for their child.

IEP Guardians' Responsibilities

Understanding and agreeing to the IEP's program is the guardians' primary responsibility.

IDEA: Free Appropriate Public Education

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) ensures provision of a free appropriate public education (FAPE) meeting the student's unique needs.

Progress Monitoring Data

Progress monitoring data identifies student strengths and areas of need for support.

Parent-Teacher Conferences (Special Education Teacher Role)

Sharing academic and social progress with students' families is a key role at parent-teacher conferences.

Online Teacher Networks

Online teacher networks provide advice from professionals to address immediate teaching challenges.

Professional Journals

Subscriptions to peer-reviewed special education journals keep teachers updated.

Research and Practice

Engaging in continuing professional development is important for staying current in research-validated practices

Self-Assessment for Teachers

Writing in a daily teacher journal is a form of effective self-reflection.

Assessment Environment Adjustments

Creating a more suitable environment can improve assessment accuracy for students with emotional disabilities.

Acknowledging Personal Biases

A teacher can acknowledge potential cultural biases through self-reflection on assumptions they hold about students.

Supporting classroom-based speech services for students with speech impairments is an example of an advocate in creating the Least Restrictive Environment

Independent Living Supports

The Center for Independent Living is a suitable organization to contact for support for independent living skills.

Transition Services

The Illinois Department of Human Services offers connections to employment services and support providers.

Meeting with parents to discuss specific goals that can be addressed in a summer camp setting.

Promoting Family Engagement

Posing questions that solicit and value family input is beneficial for communication.

Community Advocacy

Actively advocating for accessible improvements in town facilities demonstrates a commitment to integrating students with disabilities into the community.

University Accommodations

Universities must provide appropriate academic accommodations for students.

Confidentiality Concerns

Asking for the contact information of other classmates violates privacy.

Functional Vocational Assessments

Functional vocational assessments provide important data for community-based and independent living objectives.

Educator Code of Ethics

Implementing methods of communication that the parents/guardians prefer reinforces respectful communication.

Classroom Library Diversity

Creating a diverse classroom library that reflects the cultures of students' homes promotes inclusivity.

Professional Responsibility

Participating in workshops for continuous professional development demonstrate a commitment to teachers' responsibility to the profession.

Personally Identifiable Information

Date of birth is considered personal identifying information under FERPA

Parent Rights in Speech Services

Parents have the right to refer their child for a special education evaluation if they believe they need speech and language services.

IEP Activation

Parents' understanding and agreement to the IEP programs specified is most crucial for its activation.

Primary Purpose of IDEA

The primary purpose of IDEA is to ensure a free, appropriate public education (FAPE) for children with disabilities.

Using Data for Progress Monitoring

Progress monitoring data is used to identify student strengths and needs.

Special Education Teacher Roles in Parent-Teacher Conferences

A Special education teacher's role is to discuss the academic and social progress of students with disabilities.

Teacher Networking

Participating in professional online teacher networks allows teachers to seek advice from experienced peers.

Updating Professional Knowledge

Subscribing to peer-reviewed research journals keeps the teacher abreast of the most current data.

Teacher Self-Reflection

Engaging in self-reflection is a way to analyze one's teaching practices.

Identifying Student Spelling Needs

Observing a student's frustrations when completing assessments helps identify specific areas for improvements.

Self-Awareness and Behavior Monitoring

Video-recording the student's behavior and reviewing with the student is a way to promote self-awareness.

Local Services

The Illinois Department of Human Services is an organization offering early intervention services for young children with delays.

Collaboration and Support

Scheduling regular and focused meetings to address concerns from stakeholders.

Paraprofessional Supervision

Teachers should provide ongoing training for paraprofessionals on both instruction and behavioral management.

Secondary Special Education Teacher Responsibilities

Special education teachers collect data on the implementation of IEP services, tracking student progress.

Communication Methods

Special Education teachers can quickly send email messages regarding scheduling conflicts and educational requests to general education staff.

School social workers leading a weekly lunch group to provide structured models of targeted social skills are an example of implementing social-emotional goals directly into the daily environment.

Teacher Collaboration

Showing a general education teacher ways to directly demonstrate speech sounds and activities to support their classroom implementation.

Post-Secondary Supports

Connecting students with disability-related organizations is a way to prepare for independent living skills and transitioning to future environments

Appropriate Transition Services

The Illinois Department of Human Services' transition support services for students with disabilities focuses on providing employment and support.

Meeting with parents to discuss the student's needs in the setting of a summer camp fosters understanding.

Family Input in IEP Meetings

Open-ended questions invite family comments.

Community Engagement

Supporting accessible playgrounds and ensuring children with disabilities are part of the community is an example of community engagement.

University Accommodation Obligations

Universities must provide appropriate academic accommodations to ensure non-discrimination

Confidentiality Practices

Protecting student information and identifying information includes avoiding providing information about one's class members to a guardian.

Functional Vocational Assessment Purposes

Functional vocational assessments are utilized to prepare students in the areas of community-based work and independent living.

Teacher Communication with Parents

Implementing a parent's preferred method of communication assures collaboration.

Inclusive Reading Resources

Ensuring access to diverse books promotes inclusivity.

Teacher Professional Development

Participating in workshops and actively engaging in professional development builds teachers' knowledge and skills.

Self-Assessment

Writing in a teacher journal is a tool for reflection.

Adapting Instruction to Student Needs

Observing a student's frustration and adjusting the assessment environment to support concentration.

Reflecting on Cultural Biases

Self-reflection on assumptions about student backgrounds is crucial.

Supporting Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)

Exploring options for providing services in the classroom instead of separate spaces is aligned with the least restrictive environment.

Kindergarten Student's Rights

Parents have the right to refer their child for a special education evaluation concerning speech and language services.

Understanding IEP's

Understanding the IEP program and consenting is a central aspect of ensuring a successful IEP implementation.

Goal Definition

Defining a student's post-secondary/adult life goals is a part of transition planning.

Progress Monitoring

Special education teachers use progress monitoring data to understand a student's needs.

Parent-Teacher Conference Roles

The special education teacher should explain a student's academic and social progress.