Child Development Across Ages
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Questions and Answers

Which stage in Kohlberg's Preconventional Level focuses on obedience and punishment based on consequences?

  • Stage 3
  • Stage 4
  • Stage 1 (correct)
  • Stage 2

    • Emotionally unavailable parents promote preschool development.

    False

    What are the two main factors that can inhibit preschool development according to the data provided?

    Insufficient resources and lack of parenting skills

    According to Yogman et al., play helps manage __________ stress.

    <p>toxic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stages of Kohlberg's moral development to their descriptions:

    <p>Stage 1 = Obedience and punishment Stage 2 = Hedonistic vs instrumental Stage 3 = Desire to please others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of play according to the information provided?

    <p>Creates toxic stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High-quality childcare has a positive impact on preschool development.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What small correlation has been found in the meta-analysis by Lawson et al.?

    <p>The correlation between socioeconomic status and executive function performance among children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary change in vocabulary found in children from different socioeconomic backgrounds according to the study?

    <p>No significant word gap in some communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By the time children reach school age, their growth rate is inconsistent and varies greatly each year.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive development stage do children enter according to Piaget during school age?

    <p>Concrete Operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During school age, children typically show improvement in __________ skills through sports and active play.

    <p>gross motor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cognitive changes with their descriptions:

    <p>Object conservation = Understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or arrangement Seriation = Ability to arrange objects in order based on a specific characteristic De-centering = The ability to consider multiple perspectives Reversibility = Understanding that actions can be reversed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor influencing child development more than child care centers?

    <p>Family characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All 4-year-olds have fully intelligible speech.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do children typically begin to understand gender roles and characteristics?

    <p>4 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At 5 years old, children should be able to _____ for 10 seconds on one foot.

    <p>stand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ages with their corresponding gross motor skills:

    <p>3 years old = Bounces and throws a ball overhand 4 years old = Smooth running 5 years old = Catches bounced balls 2 years old = Walks up stairs alternating feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Piaget's theory, which stage occurs primarily during preschool years?

    <p>Preoperational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Imaginary friends can help children cope with loneliness.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cognitive characteristic is primarily seen in preschool-aged children?

    <p>Egocentrism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By age 7, children typically know around _____ words.

    <p>14,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key behavior seen in 3-year-olds during play?

    <p>Parallel play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Authority Morality according to Kohlberg?

    <p>Law and order, norms, social rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aggression among school-aged children tends to increase from ages 6 to 7.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What parenting style is more commonly found in Chinese families regarding children's education?

    <p>More control and involvement in learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Higher levels of screentime are associated with _______ symptoms in children and adolescents.

    <p>depressive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following age groups with their corresponding altruistic behaviors:

    <p>3-11 = Recognize others’ needs 6-17 = Prosocial behavior supported by stereotypical views 10-17 = Empathy, pride/guilt about actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is least likely to affect a teen's sexual behavior?

    <p>School dress codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most adolescents experience a significant transition when moving from middle school to high school.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do approximately half of adolescents have their first sexual experience?

    <p>17</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adolescents often have an imaginary audience, meaning they feel _______.

    <p>watched or judged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following developmental concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Personal Fable = Belief in one's unique experiences Imaginary Audience = Feeling constantly watched by others Pseudostupidity = Overthinking situations leading to poor decisions Kohlberg's Stage 3 = Making decisions to please others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributes to better school experiences?

    <p>Connections with teachers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More teen-friendly schools are characterized by larger class sizes and less individual attention for students.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the theory of Formal Operations in cognitive development?

    <p>Piaget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Effective sexual education should address _______ usage patterns.

    <p>birth control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age has seen a trend of maturity onset getting earlier in adolescents?

    <p>12-13 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key roles of neighborhood ethnic-racial diversity for children?

    <p>It insulates children from racism and discrimination stressors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positive stress is a normal part of healthy development.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ACEs and why are they significant?

    <p>ACEs are Adverse Childhood Experiences that negatively impact future health and behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Toxic stress has strong, frequent, or prolonged adversity in the absence of __________.

    <p>supportive caregiving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of stress with their characteristics:

    <p>Positive Stress = Normal part of healthy development Tolerable Stress = Increased stress buffered by supportive caregivers Toxic Stress = Prolonged adversity damaging brain architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a protective factor?

    <p>Chronic neglect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parents should view adolescence as a dangerous time to avoid risks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of having a high amount of ACEs in childhood?

    <p>Increased risk of mental health issues like depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Benevolent Childhood Experiences (BCEs) are linked with less current __________.

    <p>PTSD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match family risk factors with their impact on children's wellbeing:

    <p>Parental depression = Affects attachment Parental conflict/violence = Increases anxiety in children Substance abuse = Leads to increased neglect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group has the highest mortality rate among adolescents?

    <p>Black AMAB youth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Family meals can help protect adolescents from various risks.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two ways to support resilience in children according to the content?

    <p>School connection and parenting support programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For adolescents, peer relationships help them learn how to have important __________ outside the family.

    <p>relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of a child defines resilience?

    <p>Ability to adapt successfully to stress and trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Preschool Age Development

    • Preschoolers are playful, helpful, energetic, unusually generous, and like to please
    • Height increases by ~7.6 cm per year
    • Weight increases by ~2-3 kg per year
    • Body shape becomes leaner and more upright
    • Head size decreases relative to the rest of the body
    • Children use play to practice skills, express emotions, and develop muscles
    • Imaginary friends are common from 2.5-4.5 years old

    School Age Development

    • Stable growth at 5cm/year and 2-4kg/year until puberty
    • Better running, balance, and coordination
    • Increased fine motor skills like drawing and playing musical instruments
    • Increased cognitive abilities like understanding past tense and more complex language
    • Ability to classify and perform mental manipulations
    • Increasingly independent, but still need guidance
    • Development of empathy and understanding of others’ feelings
    • Increased conflict resolution and decision-making abilities

    Adolescent Development

    • Development begins physiologically but ends psychologically
    • Puberty: rapid development of secondary sex characteristics
    • Increased awareness of their own identity and place in the world
    • Emotional separation from parents
    • Peer groups become increasingly important for developing identity and relationships
    • Conflict with parents and authority figures can occur
    • Increased risk-taking behaviors
    • Continued cognitive development
    • Increased awareness of their place in the world
    • Development of identity versus role confusion

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    Description

    Explore the crucial stages of child development from preschool to adolescence. This quiz covers physical, cognitive, and emotional growth milestones, as well as the roles of play and social interactions. Test your knowledge on how children evolve as they transition from playful preschoolers to more independent adolescents.

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