Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary objective of this lesson plan?
What is the primary objective of this lesson plan?
- To discuss the procedures for taking a child into protective custody
- To outline the role of a mandated reporter in suspected abuse cases
- To identify the elements of crimes related to child abuse and neglect (correct)
- To differentiate between normal and abnormal childhood injuries
According to Missouri state law, which of the following is an example of 'abuse'?
According to Missouri state law, which of the following is an example of 'abuse'?
- Abuse of a Child (correct)
- Endangering the Welfare of a Child in the First Degree
- Misrepresents age on Internet to solicit sexual conduct
- Enticement for sexual contact by a person at least 21
Who has the authority to take a child into protective custody and temporary protective custody?
Who has the authority to take a child into protective custody and temporary protective custody?
- Mandated reporters
- Child Protective Services
- Law enforcement officers (correct)
- Healthcare professionals
What is the significance of 'no physical finding' during a medical exam of a child alleging sexual assault?
What is the significance of 'no physical finding' during a medical exam of a child alleging sexual assault?
What is an example of 'neglect' in terms of parental responsibilities?
What is an example of 'neglect' in terms of parental responsibilities?
What is the primary role of a mandated reporter in suspected abuse cases?
What is the primary role of a mandated reporter in suspected abuse cases?
What is the significance of identifying 'normal' and 'abnormal' childhood injuries?
What is the significance of identifying 'normal' and 'abnormal' childhood injuries?
What is the objective of discussing the elements of crimes related to child abuse and neglect?
What is the objective of discussing the elements of crimes related to child abuse and neglect?
What is considered a form of abuse according to RSMo Chapter 210.110?
What is considered a form of abuse according to RSMo Chapter 210.110?
What was a major factor that led to the formation of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in 1874?
What was a major factor that led to the formation of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in 1874?
In ancient Rome, what was a father's right regarding his child?
In ancient Rome, what was a father's right regarding his child?
What is considered neglect according to RSMo Chapter 210.110?
What is considered neglect according to RSMo Chapter 210.110?
What is the crime of abuse of a child according to 568.060?
What is the crime of abuse of a child according to 568.060?
What was the attitude towards children in ancient times?
What was the attitude towards children in ancient times?
What was a common practice in the 19th century?
What was a common practice in the 19th century?
What was the significance of the year 1869 in New York?
What was the significance of the year 1869 in New York?
What was the outcome of the 1874 case in New York?
What was the outcome of the 1874 case in New York?
What was the biblical quote that justified the maltreatment of children?
What was the biblical quote that justified the maltreatment of children?
What is the age of the child that a person can be charged with Endangering the Welfare of a Child 1st Degree?
What is the age of the child that a person can be charged with Endangering the Welfare of a Child 1st Degree?
What is the punishment for committing Statutory Rape in the 1st Degree if the victim is less than 12 years old?
What is the punishment for committing Statutory Rape in the 1st Degree if the victim is less than 12 years old?
What is the crime if a person knowingly aids a child to engage in conduct that violates chapter 195, RSMo?
What is the crime if a person knowingly aids a child to engage in conduct that violates chapter 195, RSMo?
What is the crime if a person encourages a child to engage in conduct that causes them to come within the provisions of paragraph (d) of subdivision (2) of subsection 1 of section 211.031, RSMo?
What is the crime if a person encourages a child to engage in conduct that causes them to come within the provisions of paragraph (d) of subdivision (2) of subsection 1 of section 211.031, RSMo?
What is the punishment for attempting to commit Statutory Rape in the 1st Degree?
What is the punishment for attempting to commit Statutory Rape in the 1st Degree?
What is the crime if a person commits an intoxication-related offense while a child is present in the vehicle?
What is the crime if a person commits an intoxication-related offense while a child is present in the vehicle?
What is the age of the child that a person can be charged with Statutory Rape in the 1st Degree?
What is the age of the child that a person can be charged with Statutory Rape in the 1st Degree?
What is the crime if a person engages in sexual conduct with a person under the age of 17 years over whom the person is a parent, guardian, or otherwise charged with the care and custody?
What is the crime if a person engages in sexual conduct with a person under the age of 17 years over whom the person is a parent, guardian, or otherwise charged with the care and custody?
What is the punishment for committing Statutory Sodomy in the 1st Degree?
What is the punishment for committing Statutory Sodomy in the 1st Degree?
What is the crime if a person recklessly fails or refuses to exercise reasonable diligence in the care or control of a child to prevent them from coming within the provisions of paragraph (c) of subdivision (l) of subsection I or subdivision (3) of subsection 1 of section 211.031, RSMo?
What is the crime if a person recklessly fails or refuses to exercise reasonable diligence in the care or control of a child to prevent them from coming within the provisions of paragraph (c) of subdivision (l) of subsection I or subdivision (3) of subsection 1 of section 211.031, RSMo?
What is the authorized term of imprisonment for statutory sodomy in the first degree, unless the offense is an aggravated sexual offense or the victim is less than twelve years of age?
What is the authorized term of imprisonment for statutory sodomy in the first degree, unless the offense is an aggravated sexual offense or the victim is less than twelve years of age?
What is the age requirement for a person to be guilty of statutory rape in the second degree?
What is the age requirement for a person to be guilty of statutory rape in the second degree?
What is the classification of the offense of statutory sodomy in the second degree?
What is the classification of the offense of statutory sodomy in the second degree?
What is the maximum age of the victim in the act of enticement of a child?
What is the maximum age of the victim in the act of enticement of a child?
What is the purpose of age misrepresentation?
What is the purpose of age misrepresentation?
Who is mandated to report suspected abuse and neglect?
Who is mandated to report suspected abuse and neglect?
What happens when a report of suspected abuse or neglect is made?
What happens when a report of suspected abuse or neglect is made?
Who can request that a child be taken into temporary protective custody?
Who can request that a child be taken into temporary protective custody?
What is the main purpose of taking a child into temporary protective custody?
What is the main purpose of taking a child into temporary protective custody?
What is required of persons taking a child into temporary protective custody?
What is required of persons taking a child into temporary protective custody?
Who can take temporary protective custody of a child without the consent of the child's parents or guardians?
Who can take temporary protective custody of a child without the consent of the child's parents or guardians?
What is the time limit for a written statement to be filed with the juvenile officer after taking a child into protective custody?
What is the time limit for a written statement to be filed with the juvenile officer after taking a child into protective custody?
What is the maximum duration of temporary protective custody without a court order?
What is the maximum duration of temporary protective custody without a court order?
What is the purpose of recognizing and discerning between normal and abnormal childhood injuries?
What is the purpose of recognizing and discerning between normal and abnormal childhood injuries?
What is a characteristic of a normal injury?
What is a characteristic of a normal injury?
What is an example of an abnormal injury?
What is an example of an abnormal injury?
What is a suspicious sign of abuse?
What is a suspicious sign of abuse?
What is the purpose of the written statement filed with the juvenile officer?
What is the purpose of the written statement filed with the juvenile officer?
What happens to the jurisdiction of the juvenile court after a child is taken into protective custody?
What happens to the jurisdiction of the juvenile court after a child is taken into protective custody?
What is not a permitted placement for a child in temporary protective custody?
What is not a permitted placement for a child in temporary protective custody?
What is the primary role of a professional skilled in family dynamics when investigating a report of suspected abuse?
What is the primary role of a professional skilled in family dynamics when investigating a report of suspected abuse?
What can be identified by examining the patterns left on the skin in welts?
What can be identified by examining the patterns left on the skin in welts?
What is the typical age range for accidental poisoning?
What is the typical age range for accidental poisoning?
What is a common characteristic of immersion burns?
What is a common characteristic of immersion burns?
What is a common location for burns in abused children?
What is a common location for burns in abused children?
What is a common symptom of non-accidental poisoning?
What is a common symptom of non-accidental poisoning?
What is a characteristic of head injuries from child abuse?
What is a characteristic of head injuries from child abuse?
What is a common feature of 'raccoon eyes' in non-accidental trauma?
What is a common feature of 'raccoon eyes' in non-accidental trauma?
What is a common cause of hyphema in child abuse?
What is a common cause of hyphema in child abuse?
What is an important consideration when examining bruises in child abuse cases?
What is an important consideration when examining bruises in child abuse cases?
What is the most common cause of internal injuries in child abuse cases?
What is the most common cause of internal injuries in child abuse cases?
What is the typical age range of children who suffer from spiral fractures?
What is the typical age range of children who suffer from spiral fractures?
What is the most common fracture found in abused children?
What is the most common fracture found in abused children?
What is the purpose of a full-body x-ray (humanogram) in child abuse cases?
What is the purpose of a full-body x-ray (humanogram) in child abuse cases?
What is the typical result of Shaken Child Syndrome?
What is the typical result of Shaken Child Syndrome?
What is the name of the syndrome caused by violent shaking of a young child?
What is the name of the syndrome caused by violent shaking of a young child?
What is the significance of bite marks in child abuse cases?
What is the significance of bite marks in child abuse cases?
What is the role of forensic odontologists in child abuse cases?
What is the role of forensic odontologists in child abuse cases?
What is the hallmark of shaken baby syndrome?
What is the hallmark of shaken baby syndrome?
What is the significance of interviewing a child outside the control of the adult reporting the injury?
What is the significance of interviewing a child outside the control of the adult reporting the injury?
What is the primary reason why parents may fail to obtain proper dental care for their children?
What is the primary reason why parents may fail to obtain proper dental care for their children?
When should a parent be considered negligent and intervention begin?
When should a parent be considered negligent and intervention begin?
What is a common indicator of sexual abuse in a child?
What is a common indicator of sexual abuse in a child?
Why is a hospital exam necessary in suspected child victims of sexual abuse?
Why is a hospital exam necessary in suspected child victims of sexual abuse?
What should a healthcare professional do when a parent fails to obtain therapy for their child's dental condition?
What should a healthcare professional do when a parent fails to obtain therapy for their child's dental condition?
What is the significance of 'no physical finding' during a medical exam of a child alleging sexual assault?
What is the significance of 'no physical finding' during a medical exam of a child alleging sexual assault?
What should officers be alert to during interviews with caregivers to detect signs of sexual abuse?
What should officers be alert to during interviews with caregivers to detect signs of sexual abuse?
Why is it essential to reassure parents about the use of analgesic and anesthetic procedures during dental procedures?
Why is it essential to reassure parents about the use of analgesic and anesthetic procedures during dental procedures?
What is the primary cause of ecchymoses in bite marks?
What is the primary cause of ecchymoses in bite marks?
What is the normal distance between the maxillary canine teeth in adult humans?
What is the normal distance between the maxillary canine teeth in adult humans?
What is the characteristic of bite marks produced by dogs and other carnivorous animals?
What is the characteristic of bite marks produced by dogs and other carnivorous animals?
What is the purpose of the ABFO No. 2 reference scale?
What is the purpose of the ABFO No. 2 reference scale?
Who should observe and document bite mark characteristics if a forensic odontologist is not available?
Who should observe and document bite mark characteristics if a forensic odontologist is not available?
Why should written observations and photographs of bite marks be repeated daily for at least 3 days?
Why should written observations and photographs of bite marks be repeated daily for at least 3 days?
What can be secreted in saliva and deposited in bites?
What can be secreted in saliva and deposited in bites?
What type of sample should be obtained from an uninvolved area of the child's skin?
What type of sample should be obtained from an uninvolved area of the child's skin?
What is the definition of dental neglect according to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry?
What is the definition of dental neglect according to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry?
What is the purpose of maintaining the chain of custody on all samples submitted for forensic analysis?
What is the purpose of maintaining the chain of custody on all samples submitted for forensic analysis?
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Study Notes
Child Abuse and Neglect
- Child abuse dates back to ancient history, with children being treated as property rather than human beings.
- In the 19th century, children were exploited economically, forcing them to work in mines and sweatshops.
- The crisis point was reached in 1869 in New York, leading to the establishment of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in 1874.
Definitions
- Abuse: Any physical injury, sexual abuse, or emotional abuse inflicted on a child by those responsible for their care, custody, and control.
- Neglect: Failure to provide necessary support, education, nutrition, or medical care for a child's well-being.
Crimes Related to Child Abuse
- Abuse of a Child: Knowingly inflicting cruel and inhuman punishment upon a child less than 17 years old.
- Endangering the Welfare of a Child in the First Degree: Creating a substantial risk to a child's life, body, or health, including engaging in sexual conduct with a child.
- Endangering the Welfare of a Child in the Second Degree: Acting with criminal negligence, creating a risk to a child's life, body, or health.
- Statutory Rape in the First Degree: Engaging in sexual intercourse with a person less than 14 years old.
- Statutory Sodomy in the First Degree: Engaging in deviate sexual intercourse with a person less than 14 years old.
- Enticement of a Child: Persuading or enticing a child less than 15 years old for sexual conduct.
- Age Misrepresentation: Misrepresenting one's age to engage in criminal sexual conduct involving a minor.
Mandated Reporters
- Physicians, medical examiners, coroners, dentists, chiropractors, optometrists, podiatrists, nurses, hospital and clinic personnel, psychologists, mental health professionals, social workers, day care center workers, juvenile officers, probation or parole officers, teachers, principals, Christian Science practitioners, peace officers, and law enforcement officials.
Taking a Child into Protective Custody
- A police officer, law enforcement official, or physician who has reasonable cause to suspect child abuse or neglect can take a child into temporary protective custody.
- The child must be taken to a suitable placement, and the juvenile officer must be notified within 12 hours.
Normal vs. Abnormal Injuries
- Normal Injuries: Cuts, scrapes, and bruises that can be explained by normal play.
- Abnormal Injuries: Injuries that are unlikely to occur during normal play, such as cigarette burns, symmetrical burn marks, or deep bruising in unusual areas.
Identifying Abnormal Injuries
- Repetitive accidents or injuries may indicate abuse.
- Bruises can be dated by their coloration.
- Burns, poisoning, head injuries, and eye injuries can be indicative of abuse.
- Child abuse can be caused by various agents, including barbiturates, psychoactive drugs, tranquilizers, insulin, ipecac, arsenic, laxatives, salt, water, alcohol, marijuana, and opiates.### Child Abuse Injuries
- Raccoon eyes from non-accidental trauma typically have more swelling and skin injury compared to accidental fractures.
- Hyphema is a traumatic entry of blood into the front chamber of the eye, often caused by striking the eye with a hard object.
Retinal Hemorrhages and Shaken Baby Syndrome
- Retinal hemorrhages are a hallmark of shaken baby syndrome and are rarely associated with other mechanisms of injury.
- Non-accidental trauma must be considered in children under 3 years old with retinal hemorrhages or traumatic disruptions to the eye.
Internal Injuries
- Damage to internal organs is a leading cause of death in child abuse cases.
- Blunt force trauma is the most common cause of internal injuries.
- Pummeling is a common cause of internal injuries, often seen during toilet training.
- Internal injuries are difficult to detect due to the lack of visible injuries.
Fractures
- Average of four fractures in abused children.
- Spiral fractures occur when small children are abused, resulting in injuries to the long bones.
- Twisting of the long bone is a common indicator of abuse.
- Skull fractures are often found in children under 2 years old.
- Rib fractures are the most common fracture found in abused children.
- Full body x-ray (humanogram) is usually done on children under 2 who may have been abused.
Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)
- Violent shaking of a young child causes the brain to bounce violently, leading to subdural hematomas and retinal bleeding.
- Symptoms include nausea, drowsiness, and unequal pupil size.
- Possible results include blindness, paralysis, and death.
Bites/Dental
- Bite marks are lesions that may indicate abuse.
- Bite marks may have a central area of ecchymoses caused by positive or negative pressure.
- Distance between the maxillary canine teeth in adult humans is 2.5 to 4.0 cm.
- Bite marks can be evaluated by a forensic odontologist or forensic pathologist.
Dental Neglect
- Dental neglect is the willful failure of a parent or guardian to seek and follow through with necessary treatment.
- Dental caries, periodontal diseases, and other oral conditions can lead to pain, infection, and loss of function.
- Failure to seek or obtain proper dental care may result from factors such as family isolation, lack of finances, or parental ignorance.
Sexual Abuse Injuries
- Physical indicators of sexual abuse include hematomas, lacerations, irritation, pain, or injury in the genital area.
- Venereal disease in small children, vaginal or penile discharges, and difficulty with urination are also indicators of sexual abuse.
- Repeated urinary tract infections and bite marks are common in sexual abuse cases.
- Hospital exam (rape kit) is necessary on suspected child victims of sexual abuse.
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