Child Abuse and Neglect Definition

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Questions and Answers

What is considered as abuse according to RSMo Chapter 210.110?

Any physical injury, sexual abuse, or emotional abuse inflicted on a child by those responsible for his care, custody, and control (correct)

Discipline, including spanking, administered in a reasonable manner

Failure to provide proper or necessary support, education, nutrition, or medical care

Leaving a child unattended for a short period of time

What is the age of the child less than which is considered for abuse of a child in terms of knowingly inflicting cruel and inhuman punishment?

17 years old (correct)

19 years old

18 years old

16 years old

What is considered as neglect according to RSMo Chapter 210.110?

Failure to provide proper or necessary support, education, nutrition, or medical care (correct)

Physical injury, sexual abuse, or emotional abuse inflicted on a child

Discipline, including spanking, administered in a reasonable manner

Photographing or filming a child engaged in a prohibited sexual act

What is the age of the child less than which is considered for abuse of a child in terms of photographing or filming the child engaged in a prohibited sexual act?

18 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of causing or knowingly permitting a child to engage in a prohibited sexual act or in the simulation of such an act?

To photograph or film the act Signup and view all the answers

What is the exception to abuse according to RSMo Chapter 210.110?

Discipline, including spanking, administered in a reasonable manner Signup and view all the answers

What is the authorized term of imprisonment for the offense of statutory sodomy in the first degree or an attempt to commit statutory sodomy in the first degree?

Life imprisonment or a term of years not less than five years Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum age of the victim for which the authorized term of imprisonment is life imprisonment or a term of years not less than ten years?

Twelve years of age Signup and view all the answers

What is the offense committed by a person who has sexual intercourse with another person who is less than seventeen years of age?

Statutory rape in the second degree Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of the offense of statutory rape in the second degree?

Class D felony Signup and view all the answers

What is the offense committed by a person who persuades, solicits, coaxes, entices, or lures a person who is less than 15 years of age for the purpose of engaging in sexual conduct?

Enticement of a child Signup and view all the answers

What is the offense committed by a person who knowingly misrepresents his or her age with the intent to use the Internet to engage in criminal sexual conduct involving a minor?

Age misrepresentation Signup and view all the answers

Who is mandated to report suspected abuse and neglect?

Physicians, medical examiners, coroners, and other health practitioners, psychologists, social workers, and teachers Signup and view all the answers

What must a person with reasonable cause to suspect that a child has died as a result of abuse or neglect report to?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Who can take a child into temporary protective custody?

A police officer, law enforcement official, or a physician Signup and view all the answers

What must a person taking a child into temporary protective custody adhere to?

Guidelines for reporting and time limits as defined by statute Signup and view all the answers

What is the age of the child that is relevant to the crime of Endangering the Welfare of a Child?

Less than 17 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum age of the victim in the crime of Statutory Rape in the First Degree?

Less than 14 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is the authorized term of imprisonment for the crime of Statutory Rape in the First Degree?

Life imprisonment or a term of years not less than 5 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the relevant section of RSMo for the crime of Endangering the Welfare of a Child in the First Degree?

Section 568.045 Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for the crime of Endangering the Welfare of a Child in the First Degree if the person is a parent, guardian, or otherwise charged with the care and custody of a child?

Recklessly fails or refuses to exercise reasonable diligence in the care or control of the child Signup and view all the answers

What is the crime committed if a person knowingly engages in sexual conduct with a child less than 17 years old over whom they have a parental or custodial relationship?

Endangering the Welfare of a Child in the First Degree Signup and view all the answers

What is the relevant section of RSMo for the crime of Statutory Rape in the First Degree?

Section 566.032 Signup and view all the answers

What is the authorized term of imprisonment for the crime of Statutory Rape in the First Degree if the victim is less than 12 years old?

Life imprisonment or a term of years not less than 10 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the crime committed if a person knowingly enlist the aid of a child less than 17 years old to manufacture, compound, produce, prepare, sell, transport, test, or analyze amphetamine or methamphetamine?

Endangering the Welfare of a Child in the First Degree Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for the crime of Endangering the Welfare of a Child in the Second Degree if the person is a parent, guardian, or otherwise charged with the care and custody of a child?

Recklessly fails or refuses to exercise reasonable diligence in the care or control of the child Signup and view all the answers

Who may take temporary protective custody of a child in imminent danger of suffering serious physical harm or threat to life?

A police officer, law enforcement official, or a physician Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum time a child can be held in temporary protective custody without a court order?

24 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the written statement filed by the person taking temporary protective custody?

To set forth the identity of the child and the facts and circumstances leading to the custody Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an abnormal injury in a child?

Burn mark from a hot water dip Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for returning the child to their parents or initiating child protective proceedings?

The juvenile officer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of a peace officer investigating a child abuse case?

Recognizing and discerning between normal and abnormal childhood injuries Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a normal injury in a child?

Skinned knee from a fall during play Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of multiple or numerous injuries in varying states of healing?

It may indicate repetitive physical assault Signup and view all the answers

Who is not authorized to remove a child from their parents under this act?

An employee of the division acting on their own Signup and view all the answers

What is the jurisdiction of the juvenile court in relation to a child taken into protective custody?

It attaches from the time the child is taken into protective custody Signup and view all the answers

What is the point at which to consider a parent negligent and to begin intervention?

When the parent fails to obtain therapy despite being alerted by a health care professional Signup and view all the answers

What can cause a central area of ecchymoses in bite marks?

Both positive pressure and negative pressure Signup and view all the answers

What should healthcare professionals do when barriers to needed care exist?

Attempt to assist the families in finding financial aid, transportation, or public facilities for needed services Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indicator of sexual abuse?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal distance between the maxillary canine teeth in adult humans?

2.5 to 4.0 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary in cases of suspected child victims of sexual abuse?

A hospital exam, including a rape kit Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of bites produced by dogs and other carnivorous animals?

They tear flesh Signup and view all the answers

If the intercanine distance is 2.5 cm, the bite mark may have been caused by?

A child Signup and view all the answers

Why should healthcare professionals reassure parents?

To alleviate their concerns about the child's comfort during dental procedures Signup and view all the answers

Who should evaluate the pattern, size, contour, and color(s) of the bite mark?

Forensic odontologist or forensic pathologist Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of documenting findings through photos and medical statements?

To prove sexual abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the special photographic scale developed by the American Board of Forensic Odontology?

To document patterned injuries Signup and view all the answers

Why are written observations and photographs repeated daily for at least 3 days?

To document the evolution and age of the bite Signup and view all the answers

What can be secreted in saliva?

Both DNA and blood group substances Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to collect samples from an uninvolved area of the child's skin?

To obtain a control sample Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of dental neglect according to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry?

The willful failure to seek and follow through with necessary treatment Signup and view all the answers

Who should carry out a careful examination of the circumstances and types of injuries and an assessment of the child and family in a suspected abuse case?

A social worker skilled in family dynamics Signup and view all the answers

What can be used to identify the item used to strike a child in cases of welts?

Patterns left on the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical time frame for bruises to turn green/yellow?

5-10 days Signup and view all the answers

What is a common intentionally burned area of an abused child?

Hands Signup and view all the answers

What type of burn is caused by a child being dipped into scalding water?

Immersion burn Signup and view all the answers

What is a common agent used by perpetrators in non-accidental poisoning?

Barbiturates Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of non-accidental poisoning?

Major changes in mental status Signup and view all the answers

What type of head injury is common in Shaken Baby Syndrome cases?

Head injuries Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of 'raccoon eyes' associated with non-accidental trauma?

More swelling and skin injury Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of hyphema?

A non-accidental injury caused by striking the eye with a hard object Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of abusive head trauma in children?

Nausea Signup and view all the answers

What type of fracture is often indicative of child abuse?

Spiral fracture Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of internal injuries in child abuse cases?

Blunt force trauma Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the injury caused by violent shaking of a young child?

Shaken Baby Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a full body x-ray (humanogram) in child abuse cases?

To detect any possible fractures in children under 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of bite marks in children?

Elliptical or ovoid pattern of ecchymoses, abrasions, or lacerations Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common fracture found in child abuse cases?

Rib fractures Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the brain bouncing violently about in the cranium in shaken baby syndrome?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to interview the child outside of parental control in child abuse cases?

To allow the child to speak more freely Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of shaken baby syndrome?

Retinal hemorrhages Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Child Abuse and Neglect

Defined by RSMo Chapter 210.110
Abuse: physical injury, sexual abuse, or emotional abuse inflicted on a child by those responsible for their care
Neglect: failure to provide necessary support, education, nutrition, or medical care for a child's well-being

Abuse of a Child

Abuse of a child is a crime (RSMo 568.060)
Includes:
- Knowingly inflicting cruel and inhuman punishment on a child under 17
- Photographing or filming a child under 18 in a prohibited sexual act
- Causing or permitting a child under 18 to engage in a prohibited sexual act

Endangering the Welfare of a Child

1st Degree (RSMo 568.045)
- Knowingly creating a substantial risk to a child's life, body, or health
- Engaging in sexual conduct with a child under 17
- Encouraging or aiding a child under 17 in unlawful activities
2nd Degree (RSMo 568.050)
- Acting with criminal negligence, creating a substantial risk to a child's life, body, or health
- Failing to exercise reasonable diligence in the care or control of a child

Statutory Rape and Sodomy

1st Degree (RSMo 566.032 and 566.062)
- Engaging in sexual intercourse or deviate sexual intercourse with a person under 14
- Authorized term of imprisonment is life imprisonment or a term of years not less than 5 years
2nd Degree (RSMo 566.034 and 566.064)
- Engaging in sexual intercourse or deviate sexual intercourse with a person under 17
- Class D felony

Enticement of a Child and Age Misrepresentation

Enticement of a Child (RSMo 566.151)
- Persuading or enticing a child under 15 for the purpose of engaging in sexual conduct
Age Misrepresentation (RSMo 566.153)
- Knowingly misrepresenting one's age with the intent to engage in criminal sexual conduct involving a minor

Reporting Suspected Abuse and Neglect

Mandated reporters (e.g., physicians, nurses, teachers) must report suspected abuse and neglect
Reports must be made to the Division of Family Services or law enforcement
Medical examiners and coroners must also report suspected abuse and neglect

Taking a Child into Temporary Protective Custody

Authorized personnel (e.g., police officers, physicians) may take a child into temporary protective custody if they suspect abuse or neglect
The child must be taken to a safe location, and the juvenile officer must be notified
A written statement must be filed with the juvenile officer, and the child's parents or guardians must be notified

Normal vs. Abnormal Injuries

Normal injuries: generally occur during normal play, and explanations are plausible (e.g., skinned knees, scraped elbows)
Abnormal injuries: unlikely to occur during normal play, and explanations are questionable (e.g., cigarette burns, symmetrical burn marks)

Identifying Abnormal Injuries

Repetitive accidents or injuries may indicate abuse
Bruises and welts can be dated by color
Burns may indicate intentional infliction of harm
Head injuries, especially those resulting from shaking, can cause severe harm or death

Investigating Suspected Abuse

Officers should be alert to clues, such as small injuries or inconsistencies in the explanation
A thorough investigation, including interviews and medical examinations, should be conducted
Evidence, including physical evidence and witness statements, should be collected and preserved### Forensic Odontology in Abuse Cases
Dentists trained as forensic odontologists can aid in detecting and evaluating bite marks related to physical and sexual abuse.
Bite marks should be suspected when ecchymoses, abrasions, or lacerations are found in an elliptical or ovoid pattern.
Central area of ecchymoses in bite marks can be caused by positive pressure from teeth closing or negative pressure from suction and tongue thrusting.

Characteristics of Bite Marks

Normal distance between maxillary canine teeth in adult humans is 2.5 to 4.0 cm.
Canine marks in a bite will be the most prominent or deep parts of the bite.
Human bites compress flesh, causing abrasions, contusions, and lacerations, but rarely avulsions of tissue.
Bites from dogs and other carnivorous animals tend to tear flesh.

Analysis of Bite Marks

Forensic odontologists or forensic pathologists should evaluate the pattern, size, contour, and color(s) of the bite mark.
If neither specialist is available, a pediatrician or pediatric dentist experienced in child abuse injuries should observe and document the bite mark.
Photographs should be taken at a right angle to the bite, with an identification tag and scale marker.
A special photographic scale (ABFO No. 2 reference scale) should be used.

Documentation and Evidence Collection

Written observations and photographs should be repeated daily for at least 3 days to document the evolution and age of the bite.
Blood group substances can be secreted in saliva, and DNA is present in epithelial cells from the mouth.
Samples should be collected on a sterile cotton swab moistened with distilled water, dried, and placed in a cardboard specimen tube or envelope.
A control sample should be obtained from an uninvolved area of the child's skin.

Dental Neglect

Dental neglect is defined as the willful failure of a parent or guardian to seek and follow through with treatment necessary to ensure a level of oral health.
Untreated dental caries, periodontal diseases, and other oral conditions can lead to pain, infection, and loss of function.
Failure to seek or obtain proper dental care may result from factors such as family isolation, lack of finances, parental ignorance, or lack of perceived value of oral health.

Sexual Abuse Injuries

Physical indicators of sexual abuse include hematomas, lacerations, irritation, pain or injury in genital area, and venereal disease in small children.
Officers should be alert to interview indicators that may implicate a caregiver or raise awareness of the need for medical tests.
A hospital exam (rape kit) is a must on suspected child victims of sexual abuse.
Documenting findings through photos and medical statements is crucial.

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Description

Learn about the definitions of child abuse and neglect according to RSMo Chapter 210.110, including physical injury, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and failure to provide proper care.