Chest Pain Causes Quiz

What is the primary goal when diagnosing chest pain in the prehospital setting?

Which of the following is NOT a cardiovascular cause of chest pain?

What is the term for a spectrum of coronary artery disease processes?

Which of the following is a musculoskeletal cause of chest pain?

What is the term for inflammation of the pericardium?

Which of the following is NOT a respiratory cause of chest pain?

What is the primary contributor to decreased oxygen supply in myocardial ischemia?

What is the term used to describe the clinical spectrum of myocardial ischemia, injury, and infarction?

What is the main factor that leads to thrombus formation in coronary artery disease?

What is the definition of stable angina?

What is the term used to describe the process of the body developing collateral circulation to compensate for decreased blood flow?

What is the term used to describe the formation of hard, thick plaques in the coronary arteries?

What is the main factor that contributes to increased oxygen demand in the myocardium?

What is the term used to describe the diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction?

What is the term used to describe the clinical entity of chest discomfort resulting from myocardial ischemia?

What is the term used to describe the irreversible injury of the myocardium?

What is the primary effect of atherosclerosis on the coronary arteries?

What proportion of patients with vasospastic angina also have atherosclerotic coronary artery disease?

What is the term for angina that occurs at rest and may not respond readily to treatment?

What is the typical duration of an angina episode?

What is the primary difference between stable and unstable angina?

What is the significance of weak or absent peripheral pulses in an angina patient?

What should be done immediately in an angina patient with weak or absent peripheral pulses?

What is the significance of ST segment elevation on an ECG in a patient with Prinzmetal's angina?

What is the primary purpose of obtaining an ECG tracing in an angina patient?

Why is it important to transmit the ECG tracing to the receiving medical facility?

What is the primary reason for rapid transport of a patient with suspected myocardial infarction?

Which of the following is a common precipitating event for myocardial infarction?

What is the term for the death of a portion of the heart muscle due to prolonged deprivation of oxygenated arterial blood?

Which of the following is a characteristic of a transmural infarction?

What is the significance of the J point in the ECG?

What is the term for a myocardial infarction that involves the entire thickness of the myocardium and is associated with Q wave changes on the ECG?

Which of the following is a consequence of occlusion of the coronary artery?

What is the significance of ST-segment elevation with a downward concavity in the ECG?

What can occur if the patient's underlying disease process is worsening?

What is the term for an infarction that involves only the subendocardial layer?

Why is it important to administer nitroglycerin sublingually?

Which of the following is a characteristic of a non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction?

What should be considered for chest pain that does not respond to nitrates or calcium channel blockers?

What is a common ECG finding in the patient with angina?

Why is it important to establish an IV line?

What should be done if the patient refuses transport after their chest pain is relieved?

What can occur if the patient has taken nitroglycerin?

Why is it important to place the patient at rest in a position of physical and emotional comfort?

What can indicate that the patient's underlying disease process is worsening?

Why is it important to measure any ST segment changes?

What is the main purpose of administering radiographic contrast dye during PCI?

What is the primary reason for performing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) over PCI?

What is the purpose of placing a stent during PCI?

What is the trend in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures?

Which of the following patients is not a candidate for CABG?

What is the benefit of performing endoscopic bypass grafts?

What is the usual cause of occlusion in myocardial infarction?

What is the term for the ring of tissue surrounding the area of infarcted myocardium?

What is the most common complication of myocardial infarction?

What is the primary strategy in managing a myocardial infarction?

What is the most common chief complaint in myocardial infarction?

What is the typical duration of chest pain in myocardial infarction?

What is the sensation often described by patients experiencing myocardial infarction?

What is the result of the destruction of a portion of the myocardial muscle mass?

What is the term for the heart's inability to meet the body's oxygen demands?

What is the importance of rapid and safe transport in managing myocardial infarction?

What is the primary concern of patients experiencing chest pain for the first time?

What is a characteristic of a patient who has suffered an MI before?

What is the significance of a patient's blood pressure during an MI?

What is the purpose of examining the ST segment in a 12-lead ECG?

What is the significance of a pathological Q wave?

What is the most serious threat to patients before they arrive at the emergency department?

What is the purpose of reperfusion therapy?

What is the window of time in which a fibrinolytic can be given and be effective?

What is the purpose of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)?

What is a complication of giving fibrinolytics?

What is the primary purpose of ascertaining the exact time of symptom onset in a patient with suspected myocardial infarction?

What should the EMS provider assume if they are unsure whether a patient meets local criteria for fibrinolytic therapy?

Why is it essential to weigh treating the patient's pain against rapid transport?

What is the primary goal of using a checklist similar to those used in emergency departments?

What information should the emergency physician or staff relay to the EMS provider?

Why is it important to consider the patient's anxiety and apprehension when managing myocardial infarction?

What is the primary effect of increased peripheral vascular resistance on stroke volume?

What is the primary consequence of the myocardial muscle being stretched too far?

In congestive heart failure, what is the typical presentation of edema?

What is the estimated number of new cases of congestive heart failure diagnosed each year in the United States?

What is the primary mortality outcome in 50% of congestive heart failure patients within 5 years?

What is the primary assessment priority when evaluating a patient with suspected congestive heart failure?

What is the primary symptom reported by patients with pulmonary edema?

What is the primary concern when managing a patient with congestive heart failure and respiratory failure?

What is the primary medication class used to decrease afterload in congestive heart failure patients?

What is the primary reason for assessing a patient's chief complaint and medical history in congestive heart failure?

What is the primary reason for administering oxygen to a patient suspected of MI?

What should be considered when establishing IV access in a patient suspected of MI?

What medication is typically indicated for patients suspected of MI to relieve chest pain?

What is the significance of monitoring the ECG constantly in a patient suspected of MI?

What should be done if a patient suspected of MI refuses transport after chest pain relief?

What indicates myocardial damage in a patient suspected of MI?

What is the purpose of rapid transport in a patient suspected of MI?

What is the significance of the ST segment in a 12-lead ECG?

What should be done when a patient suspected of MI has hypotension?

What is the primary concern when a patient suspected of MI refuses transport?

What is the primary consideration when applying CPAP to a patient?

What is a contraindication for CPAP?

What should be done every 5 minutes when administering CPAP?

What is an important consideration when using CPAP in patients with a DNR order?

Why is it important to monitor the patient for gastric distension when using CPAP?

What is the primary purpose of administering medications when using CPAP?

What is the primary reason for measuring CK-MB levels in patients with suspected myocardial infarction?

What is the advantage of using high-sensitivity troponin (hs-cTnC) assays in diagnosing myocardial infarction?

What is the significance of a reversal of the ratio of LDH isoenzymes in diagnosing myocardial infarction?

What is the primary advantage of using myoglobin levels in diagnosing myocardial infarction?

What is the primary purpose of obtaining cardiac enzyme levels in patients with chest pain?

What is the significance of elevated CK-MB levels in patients with suspected myocardial infarction?

What is the primary advantage of using troponin I levels in diagnosing myocardial infarction?

What is the primary reason for using cardiac enzymes in conjunction with ECG findings and other diagnostic testing in diagnosing myocardial infarction?

What is the significance of a peak level of CK-MB at 24 hours after myocardial infarction?

What is the primary purpose of using LDH levels in diagnosing myocardial infarction?

What is the primary consequence of left ventricular failure?

Which of the following is a common cause of right ventricular failure?

What is the term that describes the ability of heart failure patients to compensate, at least for a time?

What is the result of pulmonary capillary pressure becoming too high in left ventricular failure?

What is the primary effect of coronary artery disease on the heart?

What is the primary cause of systolic left ventricular failure?

What is the consequence of right ventricular failure?

What is the primary cause of diastolic left ventricular failure?

What is the term used to describe heart failure due to pulmonary disease?

What is the primary cause of pulmonary edema in left ventricular failure?

What is the most common symptom of CHF, which worsens with activity?

What is the significance of a patient using multiple pillows to sleep?

What is the likely finding in a patient with severe pulmonary edema?

What is the purpose of seating a patient with feet dangling in CHF?

What is the effect of nitroglycerin on CHF patients?

What is the significance of pulsus paradoxus in CHF?

What is the purpose of administering oxygen in CHF patients with pulmonary edema?

What is the complication of pulmonary edema that can quickly lead to death?

What is the characteristic of a patient with severe pulmonary edema?

What is the significance of wheezes in CHF patients?

What is the primary goal of CPAP therapy in patients with acute CHF?

Why is morphine no longer a recommended medication for acute CHF?

What is the primary effect of CPAP/BiPAP on the left ventricle in patients with acute CHF?

What is the difference between CPAP and PEEP?

Why is it important to limit fluids in patients with acute CHF?

What is the primary benefit of using ACE inhibitors in the treatment of acute CHF?

What is the primary effect of CPAP/BiPAP on pulmonary gas exchange in patients with acute CHF?

What is the primary concern when using CPAP/BiPAP at high pressures?

What is the primary benefit of using albuterol in the treatment of acute CHF?

Why is it important to establish IV access in patients with acute CHF?

What is the primary purpose of a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)?

What is the normal mean arterial pressure (MAP) for a patient with a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)?

What is unique about the flow technology used in Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs)?

How many power connections are required to power the controller and pump of a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)?

What is the purpose of the tube that passes through the skin in a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) system?

What can be challenging to obtain in patients with a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)?

What is the typical presentation of a patient with cardiac tamponade?

What should be done when transporting a patient with an LVAD?

What is the primary goal of management in cardiac tamponade?

What is the significance of jugular vein distension in cardiac tamponade?

What is the characteristic of the ECG in cardiac tamponade?

What is the significance of pulsus paradoxus in cardiac tamponade?

What is the underlying cause of cardiac tamponade?

What is the significance of a muffled heart sound in cardiac tamponade?

What is the primary concern when managing a patient with an LVAD?

What should be done when the VAD alarm is sounding?

What is the primary purpose of performing pericardiocentesis in a patient with cardiac tamponade?

What is the most common cause of hypertensive emergency?

What is the blood pressure threshold for diagnosing preeclampsia?

What is the primary consequence of untreated preeclampsia?

What is the approximate prevalence of hypertension in the United States?

What is the primary reason for rapid transport in a patient with cardiac tamponade?

What is the primary difference between a hypertensive emergency and a hypertensive urgency?

What is the primary complication of hypertensive encephalopathy?

What is the primary cause of death in patients with preeclampsia?

What is the primary concern when a patient with cardiac tamponade refuses transport?

What is the primary mechanism by which the body tries to compensate in cardiogenic shock?

What is the most common presentation of cardiogenic shock in geriatric patients?

What is the usual heart rhythm in cardiogenic shock?

What is the primary cause of high mortality rate in geriatric patients with cardiogenic shock?

What is the significance of radial pulses in cardiogenic shock?

What is the primary reason for assessing the patient's past medical history in cardiogenic shock?

What is the primary respiratory finding in cardiogenic shock?

What is the primary indication of cardiogenic shock in the early stages?

What is the primary significance of the patient's medication history in cardiogenic shock?

What is the primary consequence of preload, afterload, and contractility failing to meet vital organ demands in cardiogenic shock?

What is the primary problem during the electrical phase of cardiac arrest?

At what time interval after cardiac arrest does the circulatory phase begin?

What is the result of anaerobic metabolism in the myocardial cells during the circulatory phase?

Why is immediate defibrillation during the circulatory phase detrimental?

What is the primary benefit of administering epinephrine during the circulatory phase?

What is the characteristic of the metabolic phase of cardiac arrest?

What is the result of the failure of the sodium-potassium pump in the metabolic phase?

What is the consequence of the loss of the barrier between the GI tract and the rest of the body in the metabolic phase?

What is the benefit of providing at least 90 seconds of CPR before defibrillation during the circulatory phase?

What is the primary difference between the electrical and circulatory phases of cardiac arrest?

What is the primary characteristic of a hypertensive emergency?

What is the indication for treating a hypertensive patient with supportive care and reassurance only?

What is the typical presentation of a hypertensive patient?

What is the possible cause of hypertension in a patient who has been noncompliant with their medication regimen?

What is the definition of hypertension?

What is the significance of a strong and bounding pulse in a hypertensive patient?

What is the primary concern when evaluating a patient with hypertension?

What is the term for shock that occurs when left ventricular function is compromised and the heart cannot meet the body's metabolic demands?

What is the purpose of placing a saline lock in a hypertensive patient?

What is the recommendation for transporting a pregnant patient with hypertension?

What is the primary reason for the patient's need for emergent revascularization and reperfusion?

What is the most critical factor in prehospital care for cardiogenic shock patients?

What is the mechanism of death in sudden death from coronary artery disease?

During the electrical phase of cardiac arrest, what is available to the myocardial cells?

What is the purpose of understanding the pathophysiology of cardiac arrest and sudden death?

What is the primary difference between the electrical phase and the circulatory phase of cardiac arrest?

What is the significance of the three phases of cardiac arrest?

What is the primary cause of cardiac arrest and sudden death?

What is the result of cardiac arrest?

What is the significance of the patient's position in managing cardiogenic shock?

What is the primary effect of endotoxins and cytokines released by Gram-negative bacteria on the heart?

What is the primary goal of resuscitative measures during the metabolic phase?

What is the characteristic ECG abnormality associated with Brugada syndrome?

What is the primary benefit of administering antiendotoxin antibodies in septic shock?

What is the typical age range for arrhythmias to occur in patients with Brugada syndrome?

What is the primary cause of cardiac arrest in patients with Long QT syndrome?

What is the primary effect of hypothermia on cardiac function?

What is the primary benefit of administering anti-inflammatory agents in septic shock?

What is the primary benefit of using metabolically focused therapies in the metabolic phase?

What is the primary inheritance pattern of Brugada syndrome?

What is the typical demographic affected by commotio cordis?

What is the correct sequence of actions when responding to a cardiac arrest patient?

What is the primary goal when evaluating the downtime of a cardiac arrest patient?

What is the significance of ventricular fibrillation in commotio cordis?

What is the primary purpose of asking certain questions when evaluating a cardiac arrest patient?

What is the effective treatment for commotio cordis?

What is the primary goal of resuscitation in a patient experiencing cardiac arrest?

What is the revised mnemonic for the preferred sequence of primary assessment and management of an emergency patient in cardiac arrest?

When should a shock be delivered during CPR?

What is the significance of field termination of resuscitation (TOR) in patients unlikely to survive?

What is the significance of postarrest care in cardiac arrest management?

What is the primary reason for administering high-concentration oxygen during CPR?

When should epinephrine be administered during CPR?

What is the primary difference between return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival?

What is the primary consideration for field termination of resuscitation (TOR) in patients unlikely to survive?

What is the primary benefit of continued resuscitation measures in patients who achieve ROSC?

What is the ideal range of systolic blood pressure in the postarrest patient?

What is the primary benefit of induced therapeutic hypothermia in cardiac arrest survivors?

At what temperature is the patient typically cooled during induced therapeutic hypothermia?

What is the purpose of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in postcardiac arrest patients?

What is the term used to describe the use of ECMO in arrested patients?

What is the primary underlying factor in many cardiovascular emergencies?

What is the decision not to attempt resuscitation based on?

What is the purpose of using chilled IV fluids and ice packs in induced therapeutic hypothermia?

What is the primary benefit of transporting patients with an ROSC to a designated facility?

What is the term used to describe the formation of hard, thick plaques in the coronary arteries?

What is the significance of bruits audible over the affected carotid artery in a patient with a vascular emergency?

What is the primary goal of management in a patient with a vascular emergency?

Why should the patient be placed in a position of comfort during a vascular emergency?

What is an indication for rapid transport with lights and sirens in a patient with a vascular emergency?

What should be done before administering any medication to a patient with a vascular emergency?

What is the consequence of a patient refusing transport in a vascular emergency?

What is the primary mechanism by which atherosclerosis damages the tunica media?

What is the most common location of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

What is the primary cause of infectious aneurysms?

What is the term for the dilation of a vessel?

What is the primary consequence of untreated dissecting aortic aneurysm?

What is the estimated incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in men versus women?

What is the primary cause of degenerative changes in the smooth muscle and elastic tissue of the aortic media?

What is the primary location of dissecting aortic aneurysms?

What is the primary consequence of atherosclerosis on the vessel's intimal surface?

What is the primary condition that can cause disability and death due to a blood clot forming in a vein and then dislodging and traveling in the blood?

What is the most common cause of acute arterial occlusion?

What is the term used to describe the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein?

What is the consequence of a pulmonary embolism blocking the blood flow through a vessel?

What is the term used to describe the inflammation of blood vessels?

What is the best strategy for VTE?

What is the common symptom of a patient with DVT?

What is the term used to describe the discomfort behind the knee associated with DVT?

What can occur if the patient has a genetic predisposition for clot formation?

What is the term used to describe the progressive degenerative disease of the midsize and large arteries?

What is the consequence of a blocked vessel in the lung?

What is the characteristic of pain in patients with peripheral arterial disease?

What is the significance of absent pulses in a patient with vascular emergency?

What is the consequence of untreated occlusion of any vessel?

What is the purpose of checking the five Ps in a patient with vascular emergency?

What is the typical presentation of a patient with peripheral arterial disease?

What is the significance of a sudden onset of pain in a patient with vascular emergency?

What is the purpose of assessing the patient's chief complaint and medical history in vascular emergency?

What is the consequence of pulmonary occlusion?

What is the significance of unequal bilateral blood pressures in a patient with vascular emergency?

What is the purpose of the OPQRST acronym in a patient with vascular emergency?