Lecture 10 Part 1

A common skin cancer characterized by a pearly appearance, dome-shaped structure, and sharp borders. Often found on sun-exposed areas like the head and neck.

A less common type of BCC appearing as flat, scaly patches or plaques. Usually found on the trunk.

The most common type of skin cancer, often linked to sun exposure.

A common skin condition that often resembles BCC but is less severe.

A gene whose dysfunction plays a crucial role in the development of BCC. Its product, 'patched', normally deactivates a protein called 'smoothened'.

A genetic disorder characterized by the development of numerous BCCs throughout the body.

A tumor suppressor gene, mutations in which are common in sporadic BCCs.

A type of BCC that can be difficult to diagnose clinically due to its ill-defined borders.

Small, bright red papules that are often found on the skin of people over 60. They are usually harmless and do not require treatment.

Common skin lesions that appear as waxy, brown-to-black plaques or papules. They are mostly found on the trunk, arms, and face and typically appear after age 30.

A painful nodule appearing on the outer rim of the ear (helix), often seen in those over 50.

Condition in which blood vessels proliferate in the skin, resulting in the characteristic small, red bumps.

They are often a familial trait, meaning they tend to run in families.

They are harmless and don't require treatment. They can be removed using liquid nitrogen, or by scraping them off with electrocautery.

CNH usually occurs on the ear that the patient sleeps on. This is because of pressure and irritation from sleeping.

CNH is often treated by surgically shaving the papule flat with the surrounding skin.

The most effective treatment for Dermatoheliosis (sun damage) focuses on preventing further damage by rigorously using sun protection.

Tretinoin is a topical medication used to treat Dermatoheliosis. It works by regulating the growth of skin cells, reducing wrinkles, and potentially lowering the risk of skin cancer.

Tretinoin can cause side effects like redness, dryness, and irritation. These side effects are usually temporary and decrease after several months of use.

Skin resurfacing techniques like lasers, peels, and dermabrasion are more effective treatments than Tretinoin for Dermatoheliosis but are also more risky, expensive, and painful.

Rhinophyma is a condition characterized by chronic enlargement of the nose, mainly due to enlarged sebaceous glands and skin fibrosis.

Rhinophyma typically occurs in men over 50 years old and ONLY in patients with rosacea. It may be related to the repeated flushing associated with rosacea.

The only effective treatment for Rhinophyma is surgical removal of the excess skin.

Rosacea is a common skin disorder that causes redness, bumps, and visible blood vessels on the face. Rhinophyma is a severe form of rosacea.

A precancerous skin lesion characterized by abnormal keratinocyte growth in the deeper layers of the epidermis. It's a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

A type of skin cancer that originates from the epidermis. It's slower growing than melanoma but can metastasize (spread).

The most common genetic alteration found in both AKs and SCCs. It's a gene involved in cell growth and repair.

The process of skin aging caused primarily by sun exposure. It manifests as wrinkles, pigmentation changes, texture alterations, and increased risk of skin cancer.

UV radiation that reaches the earth after passing through the ozone layer. It's responsible for skin damage and tanning.

A type of UV radiation that can penetrate into the dermis. It contributes to the deeper damage associated with dermatoheliosis.

A type of UV radiation that is predominantly absorbed by the epidermis. It primarily causes sunburn and superficial skin damage.

A key characteristic of dermatoheliosis resulting from alterations in dermal collagen. They are a sign of skin aging and sun damage.

A type of SCC that remains confined to the epidermis and does not invade deeper tissues. It is typically slow-growing and can stay in-situ for years.

A specific type of SCC-in-situ that occurs on the penis. It has a higher risk of becoming invasive than other forms of SCC-in-situ.

The most common type of SCC, where the tumor cells have invaded deeper layers of the skin.

A type of SCC that grows rapidly in the form of a dome-shaped nodule. Most KAs will spontaneously regress.

A chronic ulcer that develops in a scar, often as a result of SCC. It can be a sign of SCC in the scar tissue.

Precancerous lesions that can develop into SCC. They are often characterized by rough, scaly patches on the skin.

A rare skin condition that appears as yellow-brown, hard, shiny plaques, mainly on the shins, and is associated with diabetes.

A common skin condition that appears as small brown patches, mainly on the shins, and is linked to diabetes.

Both occur mainly in people with diabetes, but can also occur in those without diabetes.

It involves damage to the skin's collagen due to poor blood flow, leading to inflammation.

It involves damage to the skin due to poor blood flow, but without significant inflammation.

They are raised, yellow-white deposits of fat in the skin near the inner corners of the eyes.

Xanthelasma are often associated with high cholesterol levels.

They can be surgically removed for cosmetic reasons.