Pharmacokinetics of Nitrosoureas and Temozolomide in Cancer Treatment

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the primary route of excretion for the nitrosoureas?

Kidney (correct)

Lungs

Skin

Liver

Which alkylating agent undergoes biotransformation to form methyltriazenoimidazole carboxamide (MTIC)?

Carmustine

Dacarbazine (correct)

Temozolomide

Lomustine

What is the primary mechanism of cytotoxic action of dacarbazine's metabolite?

Formation of DNA cross-links

Inhibition of DNA synthesis

Inhibition of RNA polymerase

Methylation of DNA on the O-6 position of guanine (correct)

What is a unique characteristic of temozolomide compared to dacarbazine?

It undergoes chemical transformation at normal physiological pH Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents is NOT administered orally?

Carmustine Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of temozolomide's inhibition, in addition to its effects on DNA methylation?

O-6-guanine-DNA alkyltransferase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of topoisomerase inhibitors?

Inhibition of topoisomerase I Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of topoisomerase inhibitors?

Cardiac arrhythmias Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of topotecan?

Metastatic ovarian cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate potency of SN-38 relative to irinotecan as an inhibitor of topoisomerase I?

Why is frequent blood count monitoring necessary for patients receiving topotecan?

To monitor for bone marrow suppression Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in the mechanism of action of topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II inhibitors?

Topoisomerase I inhibitors cause single-strand breaks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of administration for etoposide?

Intravenous and oral Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of etoposide?

Inhibition of topoisomerase II Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary toxicity associated with etoposide?

Myelosuppression Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for using atropine during irinotecan infusion?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of monoclonal antibodies in anticancer therapy?

Specific targets Signup and view all the answers

What is the family of enzymes involved in signal transduction and cell division?

Tyrosine kinase Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which proteasome inhibitors promote programmed cell death?

By inhibiting the degradation of proapoptotic factors Signup and view all the answers

Why is the subcutaneous route preferred for administering bortezomib?

It is associated with less neuropathy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of carfilzomib and bortezomib?

Myelosuppression Signup and view all the answers

Which proteasome inhibitor is administered orally?

Ixazomib Signup and view all the answers

Why should patients receive antiviral prophylaxis when taking bortezomib?

To prevent herpes zoster reactivation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of coadministering prednisone with abiraterone acetate?

To counteract the effects of mineralocorticoid excess Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect associated with immuno-modulating agents such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide?

Thromboembolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib, ixazomib, and carfilzomib?

Inhibition of proteasome function Signup and view all the answers

Why are lenalidomide and pomalidomide contraindicated in pregnancy?

Due to their structural similarities to thalidomide Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of abiraterone acetate?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of immuno-modulating agents such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide?

Treatment of multiple myeloma Signup and view all the answers