Pharmacokinetics of Nitrosoureas and Temozolomide in Cancer Treatment
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary route of excretion for the nitrosoureas?

  • Kidney (correct)
  • Lungs
  • Skin
  • Liver
  • Which alkylating agent undergoes biotransformation to form methyltriazenoimidazole carboxamide (MTIC)?

  • Carmustine
  • Dacarbazine (correct)
  • Temozolomide
  • Lomustine
  • What is the primary mechanism of cytotoxic action of dacarbazine's metabolite?

  • Formation of DNA cross-links
  • Inhibition of DNA synthesis
  • Inhibition of RNA polymerase
  • Methylation of DNA on the O-6 position of guanine (correct)
  • What is a unique characteristic of temozolomide compared to dacarbazine?

    <p>It undergoes chemical transformation at normal physiological pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following agents is NOT administered orally?

    <p>Carmustine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of temozolomide's inhibition, in addition to its effects on DNA methylation?

    <p>O-6-guanine-DNA alkyltransferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of topoisomerase inhibitors?

    <p>Inhibition of topoisomerase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of topoisomerase inhibitors?

    <p>Cardiac arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for the use of topotecan?

    <p>Metastatic ovarian cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate potency of SN-38 relative to irinotecan as an inhibitor of topoisomerase I?

    <p>1000 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is frequent blood count monitoring necessary for patients receiving topotecan?

    <p>To monitor for bone marrow suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference in the mechanism of action of topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II inhibitors?

    <p>Topoisomerase I inhibitors cause single-strand breaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for etoposide?

    <p>Intravenous and oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of etoposide?

    <p>Inhibition of topoisomerase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary toxicity associated with etoposide?

    <p>Myelosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for using atropine during irinotecan infusion?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of monoclonal antibodies in anticancer therapy?

    <p>Specific targets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the family of enzymes involved in signal transduction and cell division?

    <p>Tyrosine kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which proteasome inhibitors promote programmed cell death?

    <p>By inhibiting the degradation of proapoptotic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the subcutaneous route preferred for administering bortezomib?

    <p>It is associated with less neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of carfilzomib and bortezomib?

    <p>Myelosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteasome inhibitor is administered orally?

    <p>Ixazomib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should patients receive antiviral prophylaxis when taking bortezomib?

    <p>To prevent herpes zoster reactivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of coadministering prednisone with abiraterone acetate?

    <p>To counteract the effects of mineralocorticoid excess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with immuno-modulating agents such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide?

    <p>Thromboembolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib, ixazomib, and carfilzomib?

    <p>Inhibition of proteasome function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are lenalidomide and pomalidomide contraindicated in pregnancy?

    <p>Due to their structural similarities to thalidomide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of abiraterone acetate?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for the use of immuno-modulating agents such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide?

    <p>Treatment of multiple myeloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

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