26 Questions
What is the term chemotherapy used to describe?
The use of chemical substances to kill pathogenic organisms without injuring the host
Which term refers to the utilization of chemical substances to treat microbial infections?
Antimicrobial chemotherapy
What is the ratio used to evaluate the toxicity of a drug?
Therapeutic index
What does the term 'antibiotic' refer to?
Chemical substances that inhibit the growth or destroy other microorganisms when used at low concentration
What property should an ideal antimicrobial agent possess in terms of toxicity?
The toxic dosage level should be much higher than the effective therapeutic dosage level
Which type of antimicrobial compounds are still commonly called antibiotics even though they are not natural substances?
Semisynthetic compounds
Which of the following is a characteristic of antibiotics that would make them preferable for oral administration?
Resistance to metabolism and excretion
What is the main difference between broad spectrum antibiotics and narrow spectrum antibiotics?
Broad spectrum antibiotics work against a wide range of microorganisms, while narrow spectrum antibiotics work against a specific group of microorganisms
What is the significance of using narrow spectrum antibiotics when the microorganism is identified?
Narrow spectrum antibiotics reduce the possibility of developing resistance in microorganisms
In what scenario would broad spectrum antibiotics be useful?
When the patient is seriously ill and the microbe is not identified
How do beta lactam antibiotics act on bacterial cells?
They inhibit the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls
What is the main mode of action of beta lactam antibiotics?
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
What is unique to beta lactam antibiotics in terms of their chemical structure?
Presence of a β-lactam ring
Why do most bacteria have external rigid cell walls?
To withstand low osmotic pressure in body fluids
What is the chemotherapeutic index used to evaluate?
The ratio between toxic dose and effective dose
What is the main difference between narrow spectrum antibiotics and broad spectrum antibiotics?
Narrow spectrum antibiotics target specific types of bacteria, while broad spectrum antibiotics target a wide range of bacteria
What is the significance of selective toxicity in antimicrobial agents?
It ensures that the drug harms the microbe without significant harm on the host
What property should an ideal antimicrobial agent possess in terms of toxicity?
The toxic dosage level should be much higher than the effective therapeutic dosage level
What is the term used to describe chemical substances produced by microorganisms that inhibit the growth or destroy other microorganisms when used at low concentration?
Antibiotic
In antimicrobial chemotherapy, what does selective toxicity refer to?
Harming the microbe without significant harm on the host
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial agent?
Narrow spectrum of activity
What is the primary mode of action of beta lactam antibiotics?
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Why are broad spectrum antibiotics useful when the microorganism is not identified in a seriously ill patient?
They are effective against a wide range of microorganisms
What is the role of the host immune system in the presence of bacteriostatic antibiotics?
Destroy and eliminate the microbe
What is the significance of using narrow spectrum antibiotics when the microorganism is identified?
They reduce the possibility of producing resistance in microorganisms
What is unique to beta lactam antibiotics in terms of their chemical structure?
'Irreversible' binding to transpeptidase enzymes
Test your knowledge about the use of chemical substances to treat various diseases and microbial infections. Explore the history and modern applications of chemotherapy and antimicrobial treatment.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
