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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT one of the anti-infective agents?
What is selective toxicity?
The property of certain chemicals to destroy one form of life without harming another.
Anti-infective agents possess complete selectivity and do not affect healthy cells.
False
What is the main goal of a cell?
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Name three organelles found in the cytoplasm.
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Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
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The _______ is the part of a cell that contains all genetic material necessary for cell reproduction.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Chemotherapeutic Drugs
- Chemotherapeutic drugs target invading organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi) and abnormal cells (such as cancer cells).
- They function by altering cellular activities, disrupting integrity, or halting reproduction, leading to cell death.
- These drugs lack complete selectivity, potentially harming healthy cells along with targeted cells.
Introduction to Cell Physiology
- The cell is the fundamental structural unit of living organisms, comprising a nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm.
- Organelles within the cytoplasm serve specific functions critical to cellular metabolism and activities.
Cell Components
- Cell Nucleus: Contains genetic material essential for reproduction and protein regulation.
- Nucleolus: A small mass inside the nucleus responsible for ribosome production, crucial for protein synthesis.
- Chromatin: Long strains of DNA visible during cell division, necessary for genetic replication.
Cell Membrane Functions
- Receptor Sites: Important for neuron functioning and clinical pharmacology, facilitating communication within and between cells.
- Channels: Protein-lined pores in the membrane allowing the selective passage of small substances.
Cytoplasm
- The cytoplasm supports metabolic activities and houses organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.
- Organelles perform various functions including protein synthesis and energy production.
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis is the primary goal of a cell, maintaining stable cytoplasmic conditions through active and passive transport systems.
- The specific transport system used varies by cell type and environmental interactions.
Anti-Infective Agents
- Encompass antibacterials, antibiotics, antifungals, antiprotozoans, and antivirals aimed at combating infections.
- Designed to target foreign organisms invading the human body, lacking selective toxicity due to similarities among living cells.
- No anti-infective drug exists that doesn't affect the host, highlighting the challenge of selective toxicity in drug development.
- Different classes of agents treat specific infections, including antibiotics for bacteria, antivirals for viruses, antifungals for fungi, and antiprotozoals for protozoa, including malaria.
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Description
This quiz covers essential topics related to chemotherapeutic drugs, including various classifications such as antiviral, antifungal, and anti-infective agents. Additionally, it introduces the basics of cell physiology and the significance of different organelles. Test your knowledge on these crucial aspects of pharmacology and cellular function.
