Chemoprophylaxis and Chemotherapy
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Questions and Answers

What do some species ingest to defend against helminths?

  • Alfalfa tannins (correct)
  • Ginger
  • Cilantro
  • Turmeric
  • What is a behavior observed in wild chimpanzees to treat intestinal helminth infections?

  • Eating bananas
  • Ingesting Aspilia and Vernonia amygdalina (correct)
  • Rolling in mud
  • Drinking vinegar
  • What is the term for the deliberate use of plants for medicinal purposes in humans?

  • Herbalism
  • Ethnobotany
  • Phytotherapy
  • Ethnomedicine (correct)
  • What do Billing and Sherman (1998) argue that the addition of spices to food functions to defend against?

    <p>Meat-borne pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do domesticated lambs respond to gastrointestinal parasite infections by increasing their intake of?

    <p>Alfalfa tannins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a cat's smell to mice?

    <p>It signals the imminent arrival of the cat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Matt Kluger's view on fever?

    <p>It is an adaptive host response to infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cold-blooded lizards do when infected?

    <p>They seek out a place warm enough to raise their body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?

    <p>A syndrome of emotional reactions to extremely stressful events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the believed cause of 'Shell Shock' during WWI?

    <p>Physical concussion caused by exploding artillery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why melodies might evoke strong emotions?

    <p>Because they resemble templates of our species' emotional calls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the correlation between nicotine exposure and worm burden in the Aka people of the Central African Republic?

    <p>Inversely correlated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the smoking levels of individuals who were treated with commercial anthelmintics to reduce their helminth infections?

    <p>They increased, which limited the reinfection of helminthes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when composers intentionally try to evoke environmental sounds in melody?

    <p>Tone painting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of music in some idioms?

    <p>Rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of music, according to the author?

    <p>A pure pleasure technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the author suggest is the purpose of music, if it does not confer a survival advantage?

    <p>To stimulate the brain's reward centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do people often do when they listen to music?

    <p>They dance, nod, shake, swing, stride, clap, and snap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the author's perspective on the evolutionary significance of music?

    <p>Music is a useless trait that has no evolutionary significance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of visual scenery in music?

    <p>It signals safe, unsafe, or changing habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of depression, according to Nesse's evolutionary theory?

    <p>To prevent individuals from taking unnecessary risks and investing energy in futile goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the idea that depression is an adaptation that helps individuals reassess their goals and values?

    <p>Depressive Realism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'Depression Threshold' in the context of Evolutionary Psychology?

    <p>The level of depression that is necessary for it to be functional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cognitive distortion experienced by individuals with depression?

    <p>Feelings of worthlessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of therapeutic interventions for depression?

    <p>To help individuals identify and challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common property of nicotine and arecoline?

    <p>They are both effective treatments against helminthes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the constitutive defense mechanism in plants?

    <p>To deter attacks by maintaining a basal level of plant toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the chemotherapy hypothesis, what should happen to the consumption of psychoactive substances during an infection?

    <p>It should be up-regulated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed reason for humans consuming neurotoxic plants according to the chemoprophylaxis hypothesis?

    <p>To prevent or limit infection by helminths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the plant's natural defense mechanism that involves up-regulating toxin production during an attack?

    <p>Inducible defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for herbivores using plant toxins to defend against their own parasites?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do woolly bear caterpillars ingest to protect themselves from tachinid flies?

    <p>Pyrrolizidine alkaloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insect co-opts ingested nicotine to defend against the wolf spider and the endoparasitoid, Cotesia congregata?

    <p>Tobacco hornworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do urban sparrows and finches place in their nests to defend against nest-dwelling ectoparasites?

    <p>Cigarette butts containing residual nicotine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for parasitic worms, such as hookworms and pinworms?

    <p>Helminths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of self-medication in animals?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of self-medication in animals?

    <p>To defend against parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is defended against by the tobacco hornworm's ingestion of nicotine?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of using toxins to prevent disease or parasite infection?

    <p>Chemoprophylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of self-medication in animals?

    <p>Cats using catnip to defend against parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

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