Chemoprophylaxis and Chemotherapy

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What do some species ingest to defend against helminths?

Alfalfa tannins (correct)

Ginger

Cilantro

Turmeric

What is a behavior observed in wild chimpanzees to treat intestinal helminth infections?

Eating bananas

Ingesting Aspilia and Vernonia amygdalina (correct)

Rolling in mud

Drinking vinegar

What is the term for the deliberate use of plants for medicinal purposes in humans?

Herbalism

Ethnobotany

Phytotherapy

Ethnomedicine (correct)

What do Billing and Sherman (1998) argue that the addition of spices to food functions to defend against?

Meat-borne pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What do domesticated lambs respond to gastrointestinal parasite infections by increasing their intake of?

Alfalfa tannins Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a cat's smell to mice?

It signals the imminent arrival of the cat Signup and view all the answers

What is Matt Kluger's view on fever?

It is an adaptive host response to infection Signup and view all the answers

What do cold-blooded lizards do when infected?

They seek out a place warm enough to raise their body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?

A syndrome of emotional reactions to extremely stressful events Signup and view all the answers

What was the believed cause of 'Shell Shock' during WWI?

Physical concussion caused by exploding artillery Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why melodies might evoke strong emotions?

Because they resemble templates of our species' emotional calls Signup and view all the answers

What was the correlation between nicotine exposure and worm burden in the Aka people of the Central African Republic?

Inversely correlated Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the smoking levels of individuals who were treated with commercial anthelmintics to reduce their helminth infections?

They increased, which limited the reinfection of helminthes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when composers intentionally try to evoke environmental sounds in melody?

Tone painting Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of music in some idioms?

Rhythm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of music, according to the author?

A pure pleasure technology Signup and view all the answers

What does the author suggest is the purpose of music, if it does not confer a survival advantage?

To stimulate the brain's reward centers Signup and view all the answers

What do people often do when they listen to music?

They dance, nod, shake, swing, stride, clap, and snap Signup and view all the answers

What is the author's perspective on the evolutionary significance of music?

Music is a useless trait that has no evolutionary significance Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of visual scenery in music?

It signals safe, unsafe, or changing habitats Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of depression, according to Nesse's evolutionary theory?

To prevent individuals from taking unnecessary risks and investing energy in futile goals Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the idea that depression is an adaptation that helps individuals reassess their goals and values?

Depressive Realism Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Depression Threshold' in the context of Evolutionary Psychology?

The level of depression that is necessary for it to be functional Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cognitive distortion experienced by individuals with depression?

Feelings of worthlessness Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of therapeutic interventions for depression?

To help individuals identify and challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What is a common property of nicotine and arecoline?

They are both effective treatments against helminthes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the constitutive defense mechanism in plants?

To deter attacks by maintaining a basal level of plant toxins Signup and view all the answers

According to the chemotherapy hypothesis, what should happen to the consumption of psychoactive substances during an infection?

It should be up-regulated Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed reason for humans consuming neurotoxic plants according to the chemoprophylaxis hypothesis?

To prevent or limit infection by helminths Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the plant's natural defense mechanism that involves up-regulating toxin production during an attack?

Inducible defense Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for herbivores using plant toxins to defend against their own parasites?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What do woolly bear caterpillars ingest to protect themselves from tachinid flies?

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids Signup and view all the answers

Which insect co-opts ingested nicotine to defend against the wolf spider and the endoparasitoid, Cotesia congregata?

Tobacco hornworm Signup and view all the answers

What do urban sparrows and finches place in their nests to defend against nest-dwelling ectoparasites?

Cigarette butts containing residual nicotine Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for parasitic worms, such as hookworms and pinworms?

Helminths Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of self-medication in animals?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of self-medication in animals?

To defend against parasites Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite is defended against by the tobacco hornworm's ingestion of nicotine?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of using toxins to prevent disease or parasite infection?

Chemoprophylaxis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of self-medication in animals?

Cats using catnip to defend against parasites Signup and view all the answers

Chemoprophylaxis and Chemotherapy

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Questions and Answers

What do some species ingest to defend against helminths?

What is a behavior observed in wild chimpanzees to treat intestinal helminth infections?

What is the term for the deliberate use of plants for medicinal purposes in humans?

What do Billing and Sherman (1998) argue that the addition of spices to food functions to defend against?

What do domesticated lambs respond to gastrointestinal parasite infections by increasing their intake of?

What is the significance of a cat's smell to mice?

What is Matt Kluger's view on fever?

What do cold-blooded lizards do when infected?

What is the definition of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?

What was the believed cause of 'Shell Shock' during WWI?

What is the reason why melodies might evoke strong emotions?

What was the correlation between nicotine exposure and worm burden in the Aka people of the Central African Republic?

What happened to the smoking levels of individuals who were treated with commercial anthelmintics to reduce their helminth infections?

What is the term for when composers intentionally try to evoke environmental sounds in melody?

What is the primary component of music in some idioms?

What is the primary function of music, according to the author?

What does the author suggest is the purpose of music, if it does not confer a survival advantage?

What do people often do when they listen to music?

What is the author's perspective on the evolutionary significance of music?

What is the role of visual scenery in music?

What is the purpose of depression, according to Nesse's evolutionary theory?

What is the term for the idea that depression is an adaptation that helps individuals reassess their goals and values?

What is the 'Depression Threshold' in the context of Evolutionary Psychology?

What is a common cognitive distortion experienced by individuals with depression?

What is the primary goal of therapeutic interventions for depression?

What is a common property of nicotine and arecoline?

What is the primary function of the constitutive defense mechanism in plants?

According to the chemotherapy hypothesis, what should happen to the consumption of psychoactive substances during an infection?

What is the proposed reason for humans consuming neurotoxic plants according to the chemoprophylaxis hypothesis?

What is the term for the plant's natural defense mechanism that involves up-regulating toxin production during an attack?

What is the term for herbivores using plant toxins to defend against their own parasites?

What do woolly bear caterpillars ingest to protect themselves from tachinid flies?

Which insect co-opts ingested nicotine to defend against the wolf spider and the endoparasitoid, Cotesia congregata?

What do urban sparrows and finches place in their nests to defend against nest-dwelling ectoparasites?

What is the term for parasitic worms, such as hookworms and pinworms?

Which of the following is an example of self-medication in animals?

What is the purpose of self-medication in animals?

Which parasite is defended against by the tobacco hornworm's ingestion of nicotine?

What is the term for the process of using toxins to prevent disease or parasite infection?

Which of the following is NOT an example of self-medication in animals?

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