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Questions and Answers
What percentage of the cell weight is accounted for by water?
Which of the following is NOT a major class of organic compounds found in cells?
Who was the first person to use the term 'cell'?
Robert Hooke
All living organisms are made up of prokaryotic cells.
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What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
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According to the principle of complementarity, the activities of cells are dictated by their ______.
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What surrounds the chromatin within the nucleus?
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Match the following cell structures with their characteristics:
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Who is credited with the discovery of the term 'cell'?
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What is the approximate percentage of water in a cell?
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What is the theory of biogenesis proposed by Rudolf Virchow?
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All cells have a membrane-bound nucleus
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What is the function of the plasma membrane?
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What is the function of cytosol?
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What is the function of the nucleolus?
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Study Notes
Overview of Cell Biology
- Biochemistry analyzes the molecular mechanisms underlying normal cellular functions and diseases.
- All higher living organisms, including humans, are composed of cells.
Molecular Composition of Cells
- Cells comprise approximately 70-75% water.
- Organic compounds constitute 25-30% of cell weight, including nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids.
- Inorganic compounds account for the remaining cell weight.
Historical Perspective
- Robert Hooke was the first to use the term "cell," referring to small chambers in cork.
- Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann identified that all plant and animal tissues are composed of cells.
- Rudolf Virchow introduced the theory of biogenesis, stating that cells arise only from pre-existing cells.
Cell Theory
- Cells are the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms.
- The collective activities of cells determine the overall function of an organism.
- The principle of complementarity states that the structure of a cell dictates its function.
Eukaryotic Cells
- Eukaryotic cells possess a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, each with specific functions.
Key Organelles
-
Plasma Membrane
- Structure: Comprised of a phospholipid bilayer with cholesterol and proteins, along with some carbohydrates.
- Functions: Serves as a selectively permeable boundary, acts as a physical barrier to enclose cell contents, regulates material movement in and out of the cell, and plays a role in cell communication.
-
Nucleus
- Structure: Enclosed by a double membrane known as the nuclear envelope; contains the nucleolus.
- Nucleolus: Made up of RNA and proteins, functions in ribosomal unit assembly.
- Nucleoplasm: The fluid surrounding chromatin within the nucleus.
-
Mitochondria
- Structure: Double-membraned organelles significant for energy production through cellular respiration.
Cytosol
- Serves as the viscous fluid medium providing support for organelles.
- Responsible for various cellular processes.
Overview of Cell Biology
- Biochemistry analyzes the molecular mechanisms underlying normal cellular functions and diseases.
- All higher living organisms, including humans, are composed of cells.
Molecular Composition of Cells
- Cells comprise approximately 70-75% water.
- Organic compounds constitute 25-30% of cell weight, including nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids.
- Inorganic compounds account for the remaining cell weight.
Historical Perspective
- Robert Hooke was the first to use the term "cell," referring to small chambers in cork.
- Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann identified that all plant and animal tissues are composed of cells.
- Rudolf Virchow introduced the theory of biogenesis, stating that cells arise only from pre-existing cells.
Cell Theory
- Cells are the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms.
- The collective activities of cells determine the overall function of an organism.
- The principle of complementarity states that the structure of a cell dictates its function.
Eukaryotic Cells
- Eukaryotic cells possess a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, each with specific functions.
Key Organelles
-
Plasma Membrane
- Structure: Comprised of a phospholipid bilayer with cholesterol and proteins, along with some carbohydrates.
- Functions: Serves as a selectively permeable boundary, acts as a physical barrier to enclose cell contents, regulates material movement in and out of the cell, and plays a role in cell communication.
-
Nucleus
- Structure: Enclosed by a double membrane known as the nuclear envelope; contains the nucleolus.
- Nucleolus: Made up of RNA and proteins, functions in ribosomal unit assembly.
- Nucleoplasm: The fluid surrounding chromatin within the nucleus.
-
Mitochondria
- Structure: Double-membraned organelles significant for energy production through cellular respiration.
Cytosol
- Serves as the viscous fluid medium providing support for organelles.
- Responsible for various cellular processes.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, exploring their molecular composition and cellular processes. It is designed for students in the CHEM123 course at Our Lady of Fatima University, focusing on biochemistry's role in understanding normal cellular functions and diseases.
