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Chemistry Variable Valences and Covalent Bonding

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Chemistry Variable Valences and Covalent Bonding

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@EntrancedAstronomy

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Questions and Answers

What is primarily responsible for the variable valences and electronic structures of certain ions?

f orbitals

d orbitals (correct)

p orbitals

s orbitals

Covalent bonding involves the sharing of multiple pairs of electrons between atoms.

False

What is the primary characteristic of covalent bonding?

the sharing of a pair of electrons

In molecules with covalent bonds, each bond typically involves a pair of ________.

electrons Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

d orbitals = Responsible for variable valences in ions covalent bond = Forms through the sharing of electrons valence electrons = Electrons involved in forming bonds ionic bond = Formed through the transfer of electrons Signup and view all the answers

What produces the positive end of a dipole?

Protons Signup and view all the answers

The positive end of a dipole has an attraction for positively charged electrons.

False Signup and view all the answers

What do protons in the nuclei create in a dipole?

Positive end Signup and view all the answers

The attraction occurs between the positive end of the dipole and the ________ charged electrons.

oppositely Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Dipole = A separation of charges Protons = Positively charged particles in the nucleus Electrons = Negatively charged particles surrounding the nucleus Nuclei = The center of an atom containing protons and neutrons Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Low-lying d orbitals and variable valences

Low-lying d orbitals are responsible for the variable valences and electronic structures of metal ions.

Covalent bonding

Covalent bonding involves the "sharing" of electrons between chemical entities.
The nuclei of the bonded atoms have a positive charge, which attracts the negatively charged electrons.

Bismuth Subnitrate

Bismuth subnitrate is used in pharmaceutical applications, specifically for its adsorbent and protective properties.
It occurs as a white powder, which is slightly moisture-sensitive and acidic.
Bismuth subnitrate can act as a protective agent, as it forms a protective layer over irritated surfaces.
Bismuth subnitrate can also act as an escharotic agent, which causes tissue sloughing and scar tissue formation. This can be beneficial for healing.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in chemistry, focusing on low-lying d orbitals and their role in variable valences of metal ions. Additionally, it explores covalent bonding and the properties and applications of bismuth subnitrate in pharmaceuticals. Test your knowledge on these essential topics in chemical science.