Chemistry Unit Test - Models of Matter

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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the compound with the formula NO₃?

  • nitrogen trioxide (correct)
  • nitrogen oxide
  • mononitrogen trioxide
  • mononitrogen oxide

Which basic need was best met by the use of bitumen in canoe waterproofing?

  • Provided a waterproof shelter. (correct)
  • Allowed access to larger lakes.
  • Allowed greater trading to obtain more clothes.
  • Provided better access for fishing and hunting.

Which of the following chemical formulas represents an ionic compound?

  • C₆H₁₂O₆
  • P₄O₁₀
  • CO₂
  • Na₃PO₄ (correct)

A lab technician requires a thorough knowledge of chemistry to perform daily tasks.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flammable substances are always gaseous.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is bitumen commonly used for in a practical application?

<p>Waterproofing canoes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is element X if it represents an element known for its atomic structure?

<p>fluorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bitumen does not flow as freely as __________.

<p>oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following careers would NOT require a thorough knowledge of chemistry?

<p>Lawyer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chemical formula for iron(II) oxide is _________.

<p>FeO</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the WHMIS hazards with their corresponding warning labels:

<p>Harmful or fatal = 1 Oxidizing = 2 Health Hazard = 5 Explosive = 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the chemical compound with its characteristic:

<p>NaNO₃ = Most soluble in water Ag₂SO₄ = Slightly soluble Mg(OH)₂ = Insoluble in water H₂O = Solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a corrosive substance?

<p>It can cause destruction to living tissue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four basic elements that all matter was believed to be composed of according to historical models?

<p>Earth, air, fire, and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List one property that identifies a flammable substance.

<p>It can easily ignite or catch fire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of Avogadro's number?

<p>6.02 x 10²³ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

One mole of any substance contains the same number of particles.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many particles are in 3 moles of H₂O?

<p>1.806 x 10²⁴</p> Signup and view all the answers

1 mol of a substance contains __________ particles.

<p>6.02 x 10²³</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction is indicated when the reactants have less energy than the products?

<p>Endothermic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Mole = A unit to measure the amount of a substance Avogadro's Number = The number of particles in one mole Particles = Atoms, ions, molecules, or formula units Substance = A form of matter with a definite composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

A reaction is considered exothermic when the reactants have more energy than the products.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the products formed when aluminium reacts with iron(III) oxide?

<p>Aluminium oxide and iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

The balanced equation for calcium carbonate reacting with hydrochloric acid results in _____ and calcium chloride.

<p>carbonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of reaction does calcium carbonate interact with hydrochloric acid?

<p>Acid-base reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following chemical reactions with their definitions:

<p>Exothermic = Releases energy Endothermic = Absorbs energy Synthesis = Combining two or more substances Decomposition = Breaking down a compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

When balancing the equation ___ CaCO₃ + ___ HCl → ___ H₂CO₃ + ___ CaCl₂, the coefficient for HCl is _____ as part of the balanced reaction.

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

The reaction of aluminium with iron(III) oxide is a single replacement reaction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would not be considered a health factor associated with the long-term use of tobacco products?

<p>Stained and discoloured teeth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Combustion of methane is represented by the reaction: CH₄ₒ + O₂ₒ → CO₂ₒ + H₂Oₒ.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process represented by the reaction: 6 CO₂ₒ + 6 H₂Oₑ → C₆H₁₂O₆ₐ + 6 O₂ₒ?

<p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of burning a piece of paper to start a fire is an example of a __________ change.

<p>chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the chemical reactions above with their corresponding processes:

<p>NaHCO₃ₐ + H⁺ₓ → Na⁺ₓ + CO₂ₒ + H₂Oₑ = Baking powder in baking CH₄ₒ + O₂ₒ → CO₂ₒ + H₂Oₒ = Combustion of methane 2 H₂Oₑ → 2 H₂ₒ + O₂ₒ = Electrolysis of water 6 CO₂ₒ + 6 H₂Oₑ → C₆H₁₂O₆ₐ + 6 O₂ₒ = Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these reactions involves electrolysis?

<p>2 H₂Oₑ → 2 H₂ₒ + O₂ₒ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Toasting a piece of bread is an example of a physical change.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List four examples of chemical change from the provided descriptions.

<p>Burning paper, food coloring in water, fireworks exploding, and toasting bread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bitumen's use in canoes

Aboriginal people used bitumen mixed with spruce gum to waterproof canoes.

Bitumen's property

Bitumen is a thick, tarry hydrocarbon similar to oil but does not flow freely.

Atomic Model - Earliest

Negatively charged electrons embedded in positive material.

Atomic Model - Second

Small, heavy, positive nucleus with electrons in empty space around it.

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Atomic Model - Third

Small, heavy, positive nucleus with electrons orbiting it like planets around the sun.

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Atomic Model - Fourth

Matter composed of earth, air, fire, and water.

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Non-Chemistry Career

A career that doesn't require in-depth knowledge of chemistry for daily tasks.

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Career requiring Chemistry

Careers like lab technician, medical doctor, and chemical engineer require strong chemistry knowledge.

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CaF₂

The chemical formula for Calcium Fluoride.

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Health Factor - Tobacco

A negative health consequence of using tobacco products.

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Chemical Reaction 1 - NaHCO₃ₐ + H⁺ₓ → Na⁺ₓ + CO₂ₒ + H₂Oₑ

The chemical reaction of baking powder with acid, releasing CO₂.

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Chemical Reaction 2 - 2 H₂Oₑ → 2 H₂ₒ + O₂ₒ

The decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen gas with electricity.

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Chemical Reaction 3 - 6 CO₂ₒ + 6 H₂Oₑ → C₆H₁₂O₆ₐ + 6 O₂ₒ

The process plants use to make sugar from carbon dioxide and water.

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Chemical Reaction 4 - C₆H₁₂O₆ₐ + 6 O₂ₒ → 6 CO₂ₒ + 6 H₂Oₑ

The breakdown of sugar with oxygen, releasing energy.

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Chemical Reaction 5 - CH₄ₒ + O₂ₒ → CO₂ₒ + H₂Oₒ

The burning of methane gas, releasing heat and light.

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Chemical Reaction 6 - C₈H₁₈ₒ + O₂ₒ → CO₂ₒ + H₂Oₒ

The burning of octane, the main component of gasoline.

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Ionic Compound

A compound formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, typically a metal and a nonmetal, such as sodium chloride (NaCl).

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Covalent Compound

A compound formed by the sharing of electrons between two nonmetals, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) or water (H₂O).

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Chemical Formula

A symbolic representation of a molecule, showing the types and number of atoms in it, like H₂O for water which has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

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Solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, like salt dissolving in water.

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Acid

A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H⁺) in solution, making it sour and having a pH less than 7, like lemon juice.

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Base

A substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution, making it bitter and having a pH greater than 7, like soap.

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Identify a Compound

To determine the specific type of compound based on its physical and chemical properties.

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Classify a Compound

To categorize a compound into a specific group (e.g., acid, base, ionic, covalent) based on its shared characteristics.

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Avogadro's Number

The number of particles (atoms, ions, molecules, or formula units) in one mole of a substance. It's approximately 6.02 x 10²³.

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Formula Unit

The smallest unit of a compound that represents the empirical formula. It specifies the ratio of elements in the compound.

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How many moles in a given number of particles?

To convert from the number of particles to moles, divide the number of particles by Avogadro's number (6.02 x 10²³).

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How many particles in a given number of moles?

To convert from moles to the number of particles, multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number (6.02 x 10²³).

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Exothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction that releases energy into the surroundings, causing the temperature to rise. The reactants have more energy than the products.

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Endothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings, causing the temperature to drop. The products have more energy than the reactants.

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Balancing Chemical Equations

Adjusting the coefficients (numbers in front of chemical formulas) in a chemical equation to ensure the same number of atoms of each element on both sides.

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Decomposition Reaction

A chemical reaction where a single reactant breaks down into two or more products.

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Formation Reaction

A chemical reaction where two or more reactants combine to form a single product.

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Single Replacement Reaction

A chemical reaction where one element replaces another in a compound.

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Double Replacement Reaction

A chemical reaction where positive and negative ions in two reactants exchange to form two entirely new products.

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Identifying Unknown Products

Using chemical knowledge and understanding of reactivity to predict the products of a chemical reaction.

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Study Notes

Chemistry Unit Test - Version 1

  • Bitumen Properties: Bitumen is similar to oil (both hydrocarbons), but it does not flow freely, and is thick like molasses.

  • Aboriginal Canoe Waterproofing: Aboriginal people used bitumen (combined with spruce gum) to waterproof their canoes.

  • Canoe Waterproofing Benefits: The use of bitumen for canoe waterproofing primarily improved access to fishing and hunting areas.

Four Models of Matter

  • Model 1 (Earliest): Positively charged material with negatively charged electrons embedded in it.

  • Model 2: A small positively charged nucleus with electrons surrounding it in empty space.

  • Model 3 (Most Recent): A small, positively charged nucleus with orbiting electrons.

  • Model 4 (Ancient Greek): Matter is made up of earth, air, fire, and water.

Numerical Response - Question 1

  • Model Order: The correct numerical response for the order the models were proposed by scientists, from earliest to most recent.

Four Models of Matter (Numerical Response - Question 1)

  • Career Not Requiring Chemistry: The career that would likely not necessitate a thorough understanding of chemistry for everyday tasks is a lawyer.

Warning Labels for WHMIS Symbols

  • WHMIS Symbols (Numerical Response - Question 2): An arrangement of WHMIS symbols in order of their discovery and proposal.

Atomic Structure (Question 3)

  • Element Identification: The element depicted in the atomic structure diagram is Boron.

Chemical Formulas (Question 4)

  • Ionic Compound Identification: The ionic compound listed in the given options is Na3PO4.

Compound Names (Question 5)

  • Compound Name: The name of the compound with the formula NO3 is nitrogen trioxide.

Chemical Formulas (Question 6)

  • Iron(II) Oxide Formula: The chemical formula for iron(II) oxide is FeO.

Chemical Solutions (Numerical Response - Question 3)

  • Solution Types Matching: Details of the types of solutions based on the descriptions for matching purposes.

Solubility (Question 7)

  • Most Soluble Compound: The compound which is most soluble in water is NaNO3.

Tobacco Health Factors (Question 8)

  • Tobacco Health Risk Exclusion: Stained and discolored teeth is not considered a primary health risk factor associated with long term tobacco use.

Chemical Reaction Types (Numerical Response - Question 4)

  • Matching Chemical Reactions to Processes: A table matching chemical reactions to their corresponding processes. (baking powder in baking, combustion of methane, electrolysis of water, and photosynthesis)

Chemical Changes (Numerical Response - Question 5)

  • Identifying Chemical Changes: The descriptions of chemical changes from the provided list.

Reaction Type (Question 9)

  • Exothermic or Endothermic: The reaction, 2 N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g) is exothermic, since the reactants have less energy than the products.

Reaction Classification (Question 10)

  • Reaction Type: The reaction 2 N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g) represents a formation reaction .

Chemical Reaction Balancing (Numerical Response - Question 6)

  • Balanced Chemical Equation: The balanced chemical equation for CaCO3(s) + HCl(aq) → H2CO3(aq) + CaCl2(aq) is CaCO₃ + 2HCl → H₂CO₃ + CaCl₂

Metal Reaction Products (Question 11)

  • Unknown Reaction Products: The unknown products in the reaction Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) → ? + ? are iron and aluminium.

Avogadro's Number (Numerical Response - Question 7)

  • Number of Molecules: The number of molecules in 2.7 mol of H2S expressed in scientific notation.

Molar Calculations(Numeral Response - Question 8)

  • Moles Calculation: The number of moles in 4.86 x 10^25 formula units of K3PO4.

Zinc Reaction (Numeral Response - Question 9)

  • Zinc Reaction Mass: The mass of zinc produced in the reaction.

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