Chemistry Test 1: Solutions and Solubility
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Chemistry Test 1: Solutions and Solubility

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Questions and Answers

A chemist has dissolved a certain substance in water. The chemist knows that more of the substance could be dissolved into the water before it stops dissolving. Therefore, the current solution is _______________________.

unsaturated

Under which conditions will sugar most likely dissolve fastest in a cup of water?

  • Sugar crystals with stirring at 15°C (correct)
  • Sugar crystals without stirring at 5°C
  • A sugar cube without stirring at 15°C
  • A sugar cube with stirring at 5°C

    • What is the solubility of Na2HAsO4 at 60°C?

  • 46 g/100 mL of water
  • 20 g/100 mL of water
  • 70 g/100 mL of water
  • 65 g/100 mL of water (correct)

    • Under which conditions would the solubility of a gas be greatest?

    <p>High pressure and low temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bottle would have the highest concentration of dissolved gas?

    <p>A bottle that is sealed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method would increase the solubility of a gas?

    <p>Increasing the pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is true about the dissolving process in water?

    <p>Molecules or ions of a solute spread throughout the water molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the solution immediately after it was heated?

    <p>Unsaturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which refers to the amount of a solute that will dissolve in a given volume of solvent at a given temperature and pressure?

    <p>Solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the solution before the crystal was added?

    <p>Supersaturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the second step in the dissolving process?

    <p>The solvent molecules surround the solute particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to describe a solution with a concentration greater than the maximum predicted from the solute's solubility?

    <p>Supersaturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two solutions have similar solubilities at 40°C?

    <p>Na2HAsO4 and Na2SO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor increases the rate of dissolution in an unsaturated solution?

    <p>Increasing the temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of the unknown substance was the chemist most likely investigating?

    <p>Its solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is true about dissolving a polar substance in water?

    <p>The solute particles are carried into the solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sample most likely had the highest solubility?

    <p>Sample 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Solutions and Solubility Concepts

    • An unsaturated solution can dissolve more solute without any visible changes.
    • Factors affecting the rate of sugar dissolution in water include stirring and temperature. Sugar dissolves fastest when stirred in warm water.
    • At 60°C, the solubility of Na2HAsO4 is 65 g/100 mL of water, indicating increased solubility with temperature.
    • Gases tend to have higher solubility under high pressure and low temperature conditions.
    • A sealed soda bottle maintains the highest concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide.
    • Increasing pressure enhances the solubility of gases, making it a key factor in gas dissolution.

    Dissolving Processes and Characteristics

    • Polar solutes (e.g., table salt) interact differently with water than nonpolar solutes.
    • When solute crystals sink, the solution is likely unsaturated until heated, which allows more solute to dissolve.
    • Solubility refers to how much solute can dissolve in a specific volume of solvent at certain temperature and pressure.
    • A supersaturated solution contains more solute than predicted by its solubility, often leading to immediate crystal formation upon stirring.

    Key Experimental Observations

    • The second step of the dissolving process involves solvent molecules surrounding solute particles after mixing.
    • Comparing the solubility of substances at different temperatures can reveal crucial information; for instance, table salt and table sugar exhibit different solubility behaviors in water.
    • Increasing the temperature of an unsaturated solution typically speeds up the dissolution process.

    Solubility Comparisons and Findings

    • Under various conditions, different samples illustrate the solubility trends of known compounds, with table sugar typically demonstrating higher solubility at elevated temperatures compared to table salt.
    • Investigations through experiments may lead to insights regarding a substance's solubility, which is critical for various applications in chemistry and materials science.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on solutions and solubility concepts in chemistry with this flashcard quiz. Covering definitions and conditions for dissolving substances, this quiz will help reinforce your understanding of how different factors affect solubility.

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