Acid-Base Definitions and Blood Gas Analysis

Questions and Answers

What characterizes a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

It donates a proton. (correct)

It donates an electron pair.

It accepts an electron pair.

It accepts a proton.

Which of the following best defines a Lewis base?

A substance that donates a proton.

A substance that donates an unshared electron pair. (correct)

A substance that accepts an electron pair.

A substance that is neutral.

Why is maintaining acid-base balance crucial in the body?

It helps in maximizing cell division and metabolic processes. (correct)

It regulates nutrient absorption exclusively.

It promotes inflammation response.

It eliminates waste products effectively.

How is pH typically expressed due to the large range of ion concentrations?

As a logarithmic scale. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component that blood gas analysis helps to determine?

Nutrient absorption rates. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to biomolecules when subjected to extreme pH conditions?

They undergo denaturation. Signup and view all the answers

What role do aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide serve?

They act as important buffers and antacids. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Lewis acids is correct?

They accept an electron pair. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of weak acids compared to strong acids?

Weak acids do not dissociate into ionic components. Signup and view all the answers

How is the pH of a solution represented in relation to a weak acid?

pH = pK + log 10 [A]/[HA] Signup and view all the answers

What does the dissociation constant (K) of a weak acid indicate?

It measures the degree of dissociation of HA into H+ and A-. Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pH range for arterial blood?

7.35 - 7.45 Signup and view all the answers

In the context of acid-base status, what does the term 'HCO3' represent?

Bicarbonate concentration in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes a buffer solution?

A buffer solution consists of a weak acid and a salt of its conjugate base. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts relates to the regulation of acid-base balance in the body?

Respiratory compensation involves adjusting the rate of breathing. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases, which statement is true?

Acids increase the concentration of hydronium ions when dissolved in water. Signup and view all the answers

Which pair of conditions is involved in acid-base compensation?

Compensatory mechanisms include altering the bicarbonate level or respiratory rate. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes respiratory acidosis?

It is characterized by an increase in carbon dioxide concentration. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acid-Base Definition

Acidic and Basic Definitions:
- Arrhenius: Acids increase hydronium ion concentration; bases increase hydroxide ion concentration.
- Bronsted-Lowry: Acids donate protons; bases accept protons.
- Lewis: Acids accept electron pairs; bases donate unshared electron pairs.
Buffers:
- Solutions that resist drastic pH changes when small amounts of acids or bases are added.
- Important buffers include aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, often used as antacids.
Acid-Base Balance:
- The human body functions optimally at a specific pH range (7.35-7.45).
- Extreme pH levels can denature biomolecules, affecting cellular processes like division and metabolism.

Blood Gas Analysis

Purpose: Diagnostic tool for:
- Assessing acid-base balance.
- Evaluating oxygenation status.
- Identifying respiratory and kidney function abnormalities.
Weak and Strong Acids/Bases:
- Weak acids/bases do not readily dissociate into ionic components; strong acids/bases do.
- Dissociation constant for weak acids is defined as K = [H+][A]/[HA].
- Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH = pK + log10[A]/[HA], relates pH, the dissociation constant, and concentrations.

Acid-Base Status Components

pH:
- Measures blood acidity; normal range is 7.35-7.45.
pCO2:
- Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, indicative of respiratory function.
HCO3:
- Bicarbonate level in the blood, crucial for metabolic balance.

Acid-Base Disorders

Respiratory Acidosis: Occurs when pCO2 exceeds normal levels due to decreased respiration.
Respiratory Alkalosis: Occurs when pCO2 falls below normal levels due to hyperventilation.
Metabolic Acidosis: Imbalance characterized by low pH and low HCO3 levels.
Metabolic Alkalosis: Condition recognized by high pH and elevated HCO3 levels.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of acids and bases through Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis definitions. This quiz also covers the significance of buffers and acid-base balance in the human body, as well as the use of blood gas analysis in diagnosing health conditions. Test your understanding of weak and strong acids and bases.