Chemistry Solutions Review Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is a solution?

Homogeneous mixture (correct)

Suspension

Heterogeneous mixture

Emulsion

What is a solute?

is the smaller amount

What is a solvent?

is the larger amount

What is solubility?

the maximum amount of solid solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors of solubility?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What does miscible mean?

liquids that dissolve in one another Signup and view all the answers

What does immiscible mean?

liquids that are insoluble in one another Signup and view all the answers

What is solvation?

surrounding of a solute particle by solvent molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is hydration?

is solvation involving water Signup and view all the answers

What does Henry's Law state?

solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to pressure above the liquid Signup and view all the answers

What does concentrated mean in solutions?

contains a relatively large amount of solute Signup and view all the answers

What does dilute mean in solutions?

contains a relatively small amount of solute Signup and view all the answers

What does unsaturated mean?

contains less than the maximum Signup and view all the answers

What does saturated mean?

contains the maximum amount of solute at a specific temperature Signup and view all the answers

What does supersaturated mean?

contains more than the maximum Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if molarity is small?

the solution is dilute Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if molarity is large?

the solution is concentrated Signup and view all the answers

What is mass percent in a solution?

component of a solution is the mass of that component divided by the mass of the solution multiplied by 100 Signup and view all the answers

The freezing point of a solution is _______ than that of the pure solvent.

lower Signup and view all the answers

Increasing the temperature of an aqueous solution with an ionic solute will probably cause solubility to ________.

increase Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Solution Concepts

Solution: A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
Solute: The smaller component in a solution, typically the substance that is dissolved.
Solvent: The larger component in a solution that dissolves the solute.

Solubility and Its Factors

Solubility: Maximum quantity of solid solute that can dissolve in a specific amount of solvent.
Factors Influencing Solubility:
- Polarity: Affects the interaction between solute and solvent.
- Temperature: Changes in temperature can alter solubility.
- Pressure: Primarily impacts gas solubility.

Liquid Compatibility

Miscible: Liquids that can dissolve in each other without separating.
Immiscible: Liquids that do not mix or dissolve in one another due to opposite polarities.

Solvation Processes

Solvation: The process of solvent molecules surrounding solute particles.
Hydration: A specific type of solvation where water is the solvent.

Key Laws and Concepts

Henry's Law: States that gas solubility in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure exerted above the liquid.

Concentration and Characteristics

Concentrated Solution: Contains a relatively large proportion of solute.
Dilute Solution: Contains a relatively small proportion of solute.
Unsaturated Solution: Has less solute than the maximum solubility.
Saturated Solution: Contains the maximum solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.
Supersaturated Solution: Holds more solute than the maximum at a given temperature, typically unstable.

Molarity and Its Implications

Small Molarity: Indicates a dilute solution.
Large Molarity: Indicates a concentrated solution.

Mass Percent and Freezing Point

Mass Percent: Calculated as the mass of a component divided by the total mass of the solution, multiplied by 100.
Freezing Point Depression: The freezing point of a solution is lower than that of the pure solvent.

Temperature Effects

Temperature and Solubility: Raising the temperature of an aqueous solution with an ionic solute usually increases its solubility.

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Description

Test your knowledge on solutions with these flashcards that cover essential terms and definitions. Each card provides a key concept related to solutions, such as solute, solvent, and solubility factors. Perfect for chemistry students looking to reinforce their understanding of homogeneous mixtures.