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Define the solution and list its properties.
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is called a solution. Its properties include: 1) It shows the properties of its components; 2) Its components are variable.
What are the components of a solution?
The components of a solution are solute and solvent.
What is a saturated solution?
A saturated solution is a solution in which the amount of solute cannot be dissolved at a particular temperature.
How is a saturated solution prepared?
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Define an unsaturated solution.
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Define a super saturated solution.
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Differentiate between dilute and concentrated solutions.
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Define an aqueous solution.
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How many physical states of solutions are there?
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How can you distinguish between a solution and a pure liquid?
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What are common components of a soft drink?
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Study Notes
Solutions
- A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is called a solution.
- Solutions exist in a single phase.
- Components cannot be distinguished from one another.
- Examples of solutions include sea water, air, soft drinks, and brass.
Properties of Solutions
- Solutions exhibit the properties of their components.
- The composition of a solution can be varied.
Components of a Solution
- Solute: The component present in a smaller quantity.
- Solvent: The component present in a larger quantity that dissolves the solute.
- Examples: In an aqueous salt solution, salt is the solute and water is the solvent. In soft drinks, water is the solvent, and carbon dioxide, salt, and sugar are solutes.
Saturated Solution
- A solution where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature is called a saturated solution.
- It contains the maximum amount of solute possible at that temperature.
- The dissolved and undissolved solute are in equilibrium.
- Preparation: Add solute to solvent until no more dissolves. Excess solute will settle at the bottom of the container.
Unsaturated Solution
- A solution where more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature.
- Contains less solute than required to saturate it.
Supersaturated Solution
- A solution that is more concentrated than a saturated solution at a particular temperature.
Dilute Solution
- Contains a relatively small amount of solute.
- Example: A solution containing 5g of sodium chloride (NaCl) in 1 dm3 of water.
Concentrated Solution
- Contains a relatively large amount of solute.
- Example: Brine, a concentrated solution of common salt (NaCl). 100g of NaCl in 1 dm3 of water would be a concentrated solution.
Aqueous Solution
- A solution in which water is the solvent.
- Examples: Sugar in water, salt in water.
Physical States of Solution
- Gaseous Solutions: Example: Air
- Solid Solutions: Example: Alloys, dental amalgam.
- Liquid Solutions: Example: Sea water, soft drinks.
Identifying Solutions and Pure Liquids
- Evaporation: A pure liquid will evaporate completely leaving no residue. A solution will leave a residue after evaporation.
Common Components of Soft Drinks
- Soft drinks are commonly composed of water (solvent), sugar, carbon dioxide, flavorings, and preservatives.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the properties, components, and types of solutions. This quiz covers everything from defining solutions to understanding saturated solutions. Perfect for students studying chemistry!
