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Chemistry Solutions Overview
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Chemistry Solutions Overview

Created by
@TenaciousFeynman9892

Questions and Answers

What is a solution?

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single physical state.

A solution is heterogeneous.

False

Which of the following is true about solutions? (Select all that apply)

  • The particles will separate
  • The particles are evenly distributed
  • The substance that is dissolved is the solute
  • The substance that does the dissolving is the solvent
  • A, C, and D (correct)

    • The substance that does the dissolving is the ______.

    <p>solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The substance that dissolves is the ______.

    <p>solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the three types of solutions.

    <p>solid, gaseous, liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the three types of solid solutions.

    <p>gas dissolved in liquid, liquid dissolved in solid, solid dissolved in solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of a gas dissolved in a solid.

    <p>An example of a gas dissolved in a solid is a charcoal filter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of a liquid dissolved in a solid.

    <p>An example of a liquid dissolved in a solid is a dental filling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of a solid dissolved in a solid.

    <p>An example of a solid dissolved in a solid is a metal alloy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All mixtures of gases are solutions, because each component of the mixture diffuses to uniformly fill the space of the container.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The properties of gaseous solutions depend on the individual properties of each of the component gases.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the three types of liquid solutions.

    <p>a gas dissolved in a liquid, a liquid dissolved in a liquid, a solid dissolved in a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Soda is an example of what type of liquid solution?

    <p>Soda is a gas dissolved in a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antifreeze is an example of what type of liquid solution?

    <p>Antifreeze is a liquid dissolved in a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Salt water is an example of what type of liquid solution?

    <p>Salt water is a solid dissolved in a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two liquids that can mix in any proportions are said to be ______.

    <p>miscible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two liquids that cannot mix in any proportions are said to be _______.

    <p>immiscible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water is often referred to as the ______ because it forms solutions with so many different substances.

    <p>universal solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Any substance that dissolves in water to form a solution that conducts electricity is called a(n) ________.

    <p>electrolyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The water molecule has what shape?

    <p>The water molecule has a bent triatomic shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The O-H bonds are polar in a water molecule.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The water molecule is not polar.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true? (Select all that apply)

    <p>The solid form of water is less dense than the liquid form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The interaction between solute and solvent is called ______.

    <p>solvation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the solvent is water, the interaction between solute and solvent is called ______.

    <p>hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name three factors that affect the rate of solvation of a solid solute.

    <p>surface area, stirring, temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ the surface area, the ______ the solute will dissolve.

    <p>greater, faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increasing the temperature (______/decreases) the rate a solute dissolves.

    <p>increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is solubility?

    <p>Solubility is the amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent under given conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ______ solution is one that contains the maximum amount of solute per given amount of solvent at a given temperature.

    <p>saturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ________ solution contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature.

    <p>supersaturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Supersaturated solutions are stable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Supersaturated solutions can be used to grow crystals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name three factors that affect solubility.

    <p>Nature of the solute and solvent, temperature, pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _______ solution contains a small amount of solute.

    <p>dilute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ______ solution contains a large amount of solute.

    <p>concentrated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name three measures of concentration.

    <p>molarity, molality, mole fraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of moles of solute dissolved in 1000 g of solvent is called ______.

    <p>molality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Solutions Overview

    • A solution is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances in a single physical state.
    • A solution is not heterogeneous, as its particles are evenly distributed.

    Components of Solutions

    • The substance that dissolves is called the solute.
    • The substance that does the dissolving is known as the solvent.

    Types of Solutions

    • Solutions can be classified into three categories: solid, liquid, and gaseous.
    • Types of solid solutions include gas dissolved in liquid, liquid dissolved in solid, and solid dissolved in solid.

    Examples of Solutions

    • Gas dissolved in a solid: charcoal filter.
    • Liquid dissolved in a solid: dental filling.
    • Solid dissolved in a solid: metal alloy.
    • Soda is a gas dissolved in a liquid.
    • Antifreeze is a liquid dissolved in a liquid.
    • Salt water is a solid dissolved in a liquid.

    Properties of Gaseous Solutions

    • All mixtures of gases are considered solutions, as components diffuse uniformly in their container.
    • The properties of gaseous solutions depend on the individual properties of each gas component.

    Liquid Solutions

    • Three types of liquid solutions include:
      • Gas dissolved in a liquid.
      • Liquid dissolved in a liquid.
      • Solid dissolved in a liquid.

    Miscibility and Solvation

    • Two liquids that mix in any proportions are labeled miscible.
    • Two liquids that do not mix are termed immiscible.
    • Water is called the universal solvent due to its ability to form solutions with many substances.
    • An electrolyte is a substance that dissolves in water and conducts electricity.
    • The interaction between solute and solvent is referred to as solvation; in water, it’s called hydration.

    Factors Affecting Solvation

    • The rate of solvation for a solid solute is influenced by:
      • Surface area.
      • Stirring.
      • Temperature.
    • A greater surface area results in a faster dissolution of the solute.
    • Increasing temperature speeds up solute dissolution.

    Solubility Concepts

    • Solubility is defined as the amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent under specified conditions.
    • A saturated solution contains the maximum solute amount that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature.
    • A supersaturated solution holds more solute than it can theoretically dissolve at a certain temperature and can be used to grow crystals.

    Concentration of Solutions

    • Factors influencing solubility include the nature of both solute and solvent, temperature, and pressure.
    • A dilute solution contains a small quantity of solute, while a concentrated solution has a large amount.
    • Molarity, molality, and mole fraction are measures of concentration.
    • Molality is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1000 g of solvent.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of solutions in chemistry, including definitions, components, types, and examples. Understand the role of solutes and solvents, and learn about different types of solutions like solid, liquid, and gaseous mixtures.

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