Chemistry Solutions and Saturation

Study Notes

Definition: A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, existing as a single phase with no distinguishable component boundaries. Examples include seawater, air, soft drinks, and brass.
Properties:
- Retains the properties of its individual components.
- Variable composition - the amounts of solute and solvent can be adjusted.
Components:
- Solute: The component present in a smaller quantity, which dissolves in the solvent. Example: Salt is the solute in a salt solution.
- Solvent: The component present in a larger quantity, which dissolves the solute. Example: Water is the solvent in a salt solution.

Saturated Solution: A solution where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature. The dissolved and undissolved solute are in equilibrium. Saturated solution can be prepared by adding solute incrementally to a solvent until no more dissolves.
Unsaturated Solution: A solution where more solute can still be dissolved at the given temperature.
Super Saturated Solution: A solution containing more solute than a saturated solution at a particular temperature.

Dilute Solution: A solution containing a relatively small amount (fewer moles or grams) of dissolved solute. Example: 5g of sodium chloride (NaCl) in 1 dm3 of water.
Concentrated Solution: A solution containing a relatively large amount (more moles or grams) of dissolved solute. Example: Brine is a concentrated salt solution.