Podcast
Questions and Answers
What term describes a solution that has a large amount of solute?
What term describes a solution that has a large amount of solute?
- Homogeneous Solution
- Dilute Solution
- Solid Solution
- Concentrated Solution (correct)
What is the correct definition of solute?
What is the correct definition of solute?
- Any substance in a solid state
- The substance that dissolves another (correct)
- The liquid component of a solution
- A type of concentrated solution
Which of the following substances can act as a solvent?
Which of the following substances can act as a solvent?
- NaOH
- Salt
- Sugar
- Ethanol (correct)
Molarity (M) is expressed as which of the following?
Molarity (M) is expressed as which of the following?
Which formula correctly represents Normality (N)?
Which formula correctly represents Normality (N)?
What does the term molecular weight refer to?
What does the term molecular weight refer to?
What is the significance of the mole in chemistry?
What is the significance of the mole in chemistry?
What is the characteristic of a homogeneous mixture?
What is the characteristic of a homogeneous mixture?
What is the equivalent weight of H2SO4 if its molecular weight is 98 g/mol?
What is the equivalent weight of H2SO4 if its molecular weight is 98 g/mol?
Which formula correctly represents the relationship between ppm and molarity (M)?
Which formula correctly represents the relationship between ppm and molarity (M)?
In a dilution process, if the initial concentration (N1) is 2 N and the final volume (V2) is 200 mL, what is the initial volume (V1) if the final concentration (N2) is 1 N?
In a dilution process, if the initial concentration (N1) is 2 N and the final volume (V2) is 200 mL, what is the initial volume (V1) if the final concentration (N2) is 1 N?
What is the equivalent weight of NaOH?
What is the equivalent weight of NaOH?
What is the correct expression for calculating the equivalent weight of a salt such as CaCl2?
What is the correct expression for calculating the equivalent weight of a salt such as CaCl2?
How is specific gravity defined?
How is specific gravity defined?
Given that the molecular weight of H3PO4 is 98 g/mol, what is its equivalent weight?
Given that the molecular weight of H3PO4 is 98 g/mol, what is its equivalent weight?
If the volume of a solution is 500 mL and the weight of the solute is 0.5 g, what is the concentration in ppm?
If the volume of a solution is 500 mL and the weight of the solute is 0.5 g, what is the concentration in ppm?
What is the equivalent weight of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?
What is the equivalent weight of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?
How much weight of sodium chloride (NaCl) is needed to prepare a solution of 58000 PPM in 200 ml of water?
How much weight of sodium chloride (NaCl) is needed to prepare a solution of 58000 PPM in 200 ml of water?
What is the molarity of a 58000 PPM sodium chloride solution?
What is the molarity of a 58000 PPM sodium chloride solution?
How can you determine the volume of a solution needed for a given concentration in PPM?
How can you determine the volume of a solution needed for a given concentration in PPM?
What is the equivalent weight of sodium chloride (NaCl)?
What is the equivalent weight of sodium chloride (NaCl)?
In preparing a 2000 PPM solution of CaCl2 from 5 mg, how much volume is obtained?
In preparing a 2000 PPM solution of CaCl2 from 5 mg, how much volume is obtained?
What is the molecular weight of ammonia (NH3)?
What is the molecular weight of ammonia (NH3)?
What weight of sodium bicarbonate is needed to prepare 0.25 L of a 1.6 N solution?
What weight of sodium bicarbonate is needed to prepare 0.25 L of a 1.6 N solution?
What is the molarity of concentrated hydrochloric acid with 38% concentration and specific gravity of 1.19?
What is the molarity of concentrated hydrochloric acid with 38% concentration and specific gravity of 1.19?
Which of the following is the correct formula used to determine the volume required when diluting a solution?
Which of the following is the correct formula used to determine the volume required when diluting a solution?
How many milliliters of concentrated sulfuric acid (94% concentration, density 1.831 g/cm³) are needed to prepare 1 liter of a 0.1 M solution?
How many milliliters of concentrated sulfuric acid (94% concentration, density 1.831 g/cm³) are needed to prepare 1 liter of a 0.1 M solution?
What is the normality of a 13% sulfuric acid solution with a specific gravity of 1.090?
What is the normality of a 13% sulfuric acid solution with a specific gravity of 1.090?
If you want to prepare 500 mL of a 0.1 N K2Cr2O7 solution from a 0.250 N solution, what is the required volume of the concentrated solution?
If you want to prepare 500 mL of a 0.1 N K2Cr2O7 solution from a 0.250 N solution, what is the required volume of the concentrated solution?
What is the molarity of a solution containing 10 gm of H2SO4 in 250 ml?
What is the molarity of a solution containing 10 gm of H2SO4 in 250 ml?
What is the molarity of a concentrated sulfuric acid solution if its density is 1.831 g/cm³ and it is 94% concentrated?
What is the molarity of a concentrated sulfuric acid solution if its density is 1.831 g/cm³ and it is 94% concentrated?
What is the normality of the NaOH solution containing 6 gm in 500 ml?
What is the normality of the NaOH solution containing 6 gm in 500 ml?
When preparing a solution, if the required concentration is 0.2 M for a volume of 0.5 L, what is the equation used to find the volume of the concentrated hydrochloric acid needed?
When preparing a solution, if the required concentration is 0.2 M for a volume of 0.5 L, what is the equation used to find the volume of the concentrated hydrochloric acid needed?
What is the molarity of a solution with 25 gm of AgNO3 in 1L of solution?
What is the molarity of a solution with 25 gm of AgNO3 in 1L of solution?
The molar weight of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is calculated as which of the following?
The molar weight of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is calculated as which of the following?
What is the normality of the AgNO3 solution if the molarity is 0.14 M?
What is the normality of the AgNO3 solution if the molarity is 0.14 M?
How many grams of NaCl are needed to prepare a 0.2 N solution in 250 ml of water?
How many grams of NaCl are needed to prepare a 0.2 N solution in 250 ml of water?
What volume of concentrated sulphuric acid is needed to prepare 0.6 L of a 0.2 M solution?
What volume of concentrated sulphuric acid is needed to prepare 0.6 L of a 0.2 M solution?
What is the normality of the KCl solution prepared as 0.3 N in 500 ml?
What is the normality of the KCl solution prepared as 0.3 N in 500 ml?
What is the final concentration in molarity of a solution if 100 mL of 0.5 N AgNO3 is diluted to make a 0.3 N solution?
What is the final concentration in molarity of a solution if 100 mL of 0.5 N AgNO3 is diluted to make a 0.3 N solution?
Flashcards
Solution
Solution
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, where the concentration of each substance can vary within limits.
Solute
Solute
The substance dissolved in a solution. Examples: Sugar, salt, NaOH, Na2CO3
Solvent
Solvent
The substance that dissolves another substance to form a solution. Examples: Water, acetone, ether, ethanol.
Mole
Mole
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Molecular Weight (M.wt)
Molecular Weight (M.wt)
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Molarity (M)
Molarity (M)
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Normality (N)
Normality (N)
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Gram Equivalent
Gram Equivalent
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Equivalent weight of an Acid
Equivalent weight of an Acid
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Equivalent weight of a Base
Equivalent weight of a Base
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Equivalent weight of a Salt
Equivalent weight of a Salt
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Part per million (ppm)
Part per million (ppm)
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Relationship between M, N, and ppm
Relationship between M, N, and ppm
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Relationship between M and N
Relationship between M and N
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Density
Density
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Specific Gravity
Specific Gravity
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Percent by mass (%)
Percent by mass (%)
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Dilution Equation (M1V1 = M2V2)
Dilution Equation (M1V1 = M2V2)
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Calculating Weight of Solute
Calculating Weight of Solute
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NaCl
NaCl
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Equivalent Weight (Eq.Wt)
Equivalent Weight (Eq.Wt)
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Standard Solution
Standard Solution
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Number of replaceable ions (n)
Number of replaceable ions (n)
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Equivalent weight
Equivalent weight
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Study Notes
Solution Definitions
- A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; concentrations can vary within limits.
- Concentrated solutions contain a high amount of solute.
- Dilute solutions contain a small amount of solute.
- A solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.
Components of a Solution
- Solute: The substance that dissolves in the solution (e.g., sugar, salt, NaOH, Na₂CO₃).
- Solvent: The substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution (e.g., water, acetone, ether, ethanol).
- Solution: A mixture of two or more pure substances where one substance is dissolved in another homogeneously. A solution has the same concentration throughout.
Mole Concept
- Mole: A fundamental unit of mass used by chemists to represent a large number of elementary particles (atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, etc.) of any substance.
- Mole = weight (gram) / Molecular Weight (gram/mol)
Molecular Weight
- Molecular Weight (M.wt): The sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule of a substance, measured in gram/mol.
- Examples provided include CH₄, SO₃, NH₃, H₂O, (NH₄)₂CrO₄, and Ba(NO₃)₂ with their calculated molecular weights.
Molarity (M)
- Molarity (M): The concentration of a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
- M = Mole / Volume(L)
- M = (weight × 1000) / (M.Wt × volume(ml))
Normality (N)
- Normality (N): The concentration of a solution expressed as the number of gram equivalents of solute per liter of solution.
- N = No. of equivalents (eq) / Volume (L)
- N = (weight × 1000) / (eq. wt × volume(ml))
Equivalent Weights
- Acid: eq.wt acid = M.Wt acid / No. of active H⁺. Examples include H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, and HCl.
- Base: eq.wt base = M.Wt base / No. of active OH⁻. Examples include NaOH and Ca(OH)₂.
- Salts: eq.wt = M.Wt / (number of cation or anion * its charge). Examples include NaCl and CaCl₂.
Part Per Million (ppm)
- ppm: Milligrams of solute per liter of solution.
- ppm = wt(mg) / V(L)
- ppm = wt(g) × 10⁶ / V(mL)
Relationship Between Molarity (M), Normality (N), and ppm
- ppm = M × M.wt × 1000
- ppm = N × Eq.wt × 1000
- N = n × M (where n = number of H⁺ for acids or number of OH⁻ for bases).
Density and Specific Gravity
- Density: Weight per unit volume at a specified temperature (usually g/mL or g/cm³).
- Specific Gravity (sp. gr.): The ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water at a specific temperature (often 20°C or 4°C).
- M = (% × density × 1000) / M.wt; and M = (% × sp. gr. × 1000) / M.wt
Dilution
- Dilution: The process of adding more solvent to a solution to lower its concentration. The same amount of solute is present, but it's distributed in a larger volume of solvent.
- N₁ × V₁ = N₂ × V₂
- M₁ × V₁ = M₂ × V₂
Examples of Preparing Standard Solutions (calculations provided)
- Examples demonstrate the calculations for preparing various standard solutions (e.g., NaOH, Na₂CO₃, NaCl, H₂SO₄, HCl, and others).
Homework Problems
- Homework problems are presented requiring the calculation of molarity, normality, or volumes for solutions (e.g., specific concentration and volume needed).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the definitions and components of solutions, as well as the mole concept in chemistry. This quiz covers essential terms such as solute, solvent, and molecular weight. Perfect for those studying chemistry at any level!
