Questions and Answers
In a solid-liquid system, the solids are always the ______ while the liquids are the solvents.
solutes
Solutions are composed of two components: ______ and solvent.
solute
In colloid chemistry, the pattern of particles is usually dispersed in a ______.
medium
A colloid can consist of solid particles dispersed in a ______ medium.
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Colloids are characterized by their ability to scatter light, also known as the ______ effect.
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Lyophilic colloids are also known as 'liquid ______' colloids.
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The particles in lyophobic colloids are only slightly ______ to each other.
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Colloids can be dispersed in a gas, liquid, or ______.
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The ability of colloidal particles to scatter light is known as the ______ Effect.
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Brownian movement refers to the ______ irregular motion of colloidal particles.
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Study Notes
Concentration of Solutions
- Mole fraction is calculated as the ratio of moles of solute or solvent to the total moles in the solution.
Colloids
- Colloids consist of two parts: dispersed phase and dispersion medium.
- Colloidal particles can be found in gas, liquid, or solid forms.
Types of Colloids
- Lyophilic Colloids: Strong attraction between dispersed phase and dispersion medium, referred to as “liquid loving.”
- Lyophobic Colloids: Weak attraction in the dispersion medium, termed as “liquid fearing.”
Properties of Colloids
- Particle Size: Ranges from 10 to 10,000 Angstroms (1-1,000 nanometers).
- Filterability: Colloid particles are smaller than filter paper pores, allowing them to pass through.
- Tyndall Effect: Colloidal particles can scatter light, making the beam visible.
- Brownian Movement: Random motion observed in colloidal particles under an electronic microscope.
Cell Life Cycle Stages
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's center.
- Anaphase: Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
- Telophase: New nuclei form, and cell division results in two daughter cells.
Biomolecules
- Biomolecules play crucial roles in cellular processes and are classified as follows:
Carbohydrates
- Types: Monosaccharides, disaccharides.
- Examples: Glucose, fructose, sucrose.
- Composition: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O).
Lipids
- Types: Fatty acids, phospholipids, steroids, triglycerides.
- Examples: Oleic acid, palmitic acid.
- Composition: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O).
Proteins
- Types: Fibrous, globular, simple, conjugate.
- Examples: Keratin, hemoglobin, collagen.
- Composition: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Sulfur (S).
Nucleic Acids
- Types: Nucleoids.
- Examples: DNA, RNA.
- Composition: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P).
Solutions
- Solutions consist of solutes (substances dissolved) and solvents (substances doing the dissolving).
- In solid-liquid systems, solids are solutes. In liquid-liquid systems, the substance in lesser quantity is the solute.
Solubility
- Describes the capacity of a substance to dissolve in another, categorized as soluble, moderately soluble, or insoluble.
Common Terms in Solutions
- Osmosis: Movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration.
- Diffusion: Passive transport of substances from higher to lower concentration.
- Reverse Osmosis: Water moves from a salt solution to pure water, useful in desalination.
- Isotonic Solution: Solutions with identical solute concentrations.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of mole fraction as a quantitative measure of the concentration of solutions. It specifically focuses on the ratio of the number of moles of solute and solvent to the total moles in the solution. Test your understanding of how to express concentration quantitatively in chemistry.
