Chemistry: Reactions of Alkanes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Why are alkanes rather unreactive?

Due to the presence of only C—C and C—H σ bonds (correct)

Due to the high reactivity of alkanes

Because of the presence of C—O bonds

Because of the presence of C=C double bonds

Which type of bonds contribute to the reactivity of alkanes?

N—H bonds

C—O bonds

C—C single bonds

C=C double bonds (correct)

What feature of alkanes makes them less prone to chemical reactions?

Formation of ionic bonds

Presence of C=C double bonds

Presence of C—C and C—H σ bonds (correct)

High electronegativity

Which type of bonds do alkanes lack that contributes to their unreactivity?

C=C double bonds Signup and view all the answers

How do alkanes differ from alkenes in terms of reactivity?

Alkenes contain C=C double bonds that increase reactivity Signup and view all the answers

What type of solvents are alkanes based on the provided information?

Nonpolar solvents Signup and view all the answers

What are the colors of alkanes with more than about 20 carbon atoms?

Colorless waxy solids Signup and view all the answers

How do alkanes generally behave in water?

They float on top Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves alkanes undergoing a Substitution and Elimination reaction?

Dehydrogenation Signup and view all the answers

What is added to liquid alkanes like petrol and kerosene for safety reasons?

Dyes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of alkanes are commonly sold as liquids due to easy condensation under pressure?

Colorless liquids Signup and view all the answers

Which state of matter do alkanes from C5 to C16 typically exist in at room temperature?

Liquids Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between branching in isomeric alkanes and their volatility?

The more branching, the higher the volatility Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances do alkanes typically not react with?

Water Signup and view all the answers

At room temperature, what state are higher alkanes generally in?

Solids Signup and view all the answers

Which property makes alkanes relatively unreactive compared to other compounds?

Absence of pi bonds Signup and view all the answers

Why are alkanes insoluble in water?

Because water is polar and alkanes are nonpolar Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between the length of an alkane chain and its melting and boiling points?

The melting and boiling points increase with increasing chain length Signup and view all the answers

Why are lower alkanes considered highly volatile?

Due to their low boiling points Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds do alkanes form with water molecules?

Van der Waals forces Signup and view all the answers

How do alkanes compare to water in terms of polarity?

Alkanes are nonpolar while water is polar Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hydrocarbon is an alkane?

Only single covalent bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the simplest alkane?

Methane (CH4) Signup and view all the answers

How are alkanes classified based on structure?

Both acyclic and cyclic Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason behind atomic orbitals undergoing hybridization?

To achieve VSEPR geometries Signup and view all the answers

What type of orbital results from sp3 hybridization?

Tetrahedral orbital Signup and view all the answers

Which intermolecular force involves London dispersion forces?

*Van der Waals interactions Signup and view all the answers

What effect does molecular weight have on the melting and boiling points of alkanes?

*Increase with increasing molecular weight Signup and view all the answers

What is the solubility behavior of alkanes?

Insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason behind the solubility behavior of alkanes?

Nonpolar nature and lack of hydrogen bonding Signup and view all the answers

How do alkanes compare to other hydrocarbons in terms of saturation?

Alkanes have only single bonds, unlike alkenes and alkynes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Reactivity of Alkanes

Alkanes are rather unreactive due to the presence of strong, non-polar C-H and C-C bonds.
The lack of pi bonds in alkanes contributes to their unreactivity.

Difference from Alkenes

Alkanes differ from alkenes in terms of reactivity, as alkenes are more reactive due to the presence of pi bonds.

Physical Properties

Alkanes with more than 20 carbon atoms are typically waxy solids with a white or colorless appearance.
Alkanes generally do not mix with water (immiscible) and tend to float on top of it.
Liquid alkanes like petrol and kerosene have a dye added for safety reasons.
Alkanes from C5 to C16 typically exist as liquids at room temperature.
Higher alkanes are typically solids at room temperature.

Solubility

Alkanes are insoluble in water due to their non-polar nature.
Alkanes do not react with water molecules and do not form hydrogen bonds with them.

Branching and Volatility

The more branched an isomeric alkane is, the less volatile it tends to be.

Hybridization

Atomic orbitals undergo hybridization to form a tetrahedral shape, resulting in sp3 hybridization.
This hybridization leads to the formation of strong, non-polar bonds in alkanes.

Intermolecular Forces

London dispersion forces are responsible for the weak intermolecular forces between alkane molecules.
These forces increase in strength as the molecular weight of the alkane increases.

Saturation

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, meaning they have only single bonds between carbon atoms.
This saturation makes alkanes relatively unreactive compared to other hydrocarbons.

Classification

Alkanes are classified based on their structure, with the simplest alkane being methane.
Alkanes can be classified as straight-chain, branched, or cyclic.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the important reactions of alkanes including halogenation and dehydrogenation. Learn about how alkanes undergo substitution and elimination reactions, and understand the colors of alkanes.