Chemistry Reaction Scenarios

Consider a scenario where two isotopes of the same element undergo different nuclear reactions. Is it possible for the products of these reactions to have the same mass number, despite the initial isotopes having different numbers of neutrons?

A chemist discovers a new allotrope of carbon with a unique lattice structure. While this allotrope consists only of carbon atoms, its physical properties (density, hardness, conductivity) are significantly different from diamond, graphite, and fullerenes. How is this possible?

In a complex biochemical pathway involving multiple enzymatic reactions, a specific enzyme is found to catalyze the rate-determining step. If a competitive inhibitor is introduced that selectively binds to this enzyme, what is the most likely outcome on the overall pathway?

You are tasked with designing a novel battery using only the elements Lithium (Li), Sulfur (S), and Oxygen (O). Based on your knowledge of molecular structures and bonding, which of the following molecular configurations would likely result in the highest energy density for the battery?

A chemist is trying to synthesize a complex organic molecule in the lab. After several steps, they obtain a product that appears to have the correct empirical formula but the reaction yield is much lower than expected. What could be the most likely explanation for the low yield, assuming no reactant was lost due to spillage or side reactions?

In a scenario involving multiple reactants and products in a closed system, how does Le Chatelier's principle apply when the volume of the system is decreased, and the reaction involves gases?

Consider a chemical reaction where the activation energy for the forward reaction is significantly lower than that of the reverse reaction. How would increasing the temperature affect the equilibrium constant (K) and the rate constants (k) for the forward and reverse reactions?

In mass spectrometry, a molecule fragments into various ions. If a particular molecule consistently shows a significant peak corresponding to the loss of 28 mass units, what is the most likely neutral fragment that was lost?

Two organic compounds, A and B, have the same empirical formula, CH₂O. Compound A is a neutral molecule with a boiling point of 97°C, while compound B is ionic and decomposes above 300°C. What is the most likely identity of compounds A and B, respectively?

During a titration experiment, a student uses a standardized solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) to determine the concentration of an unknown solution of ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄). If the student overshoots the endpoint by adding excess KMnO₄, what would be the most appropriate method to correct this error without repeating the entire titration?

In the context of green chemistry, which of the following strategies would be LEAST effective in improving the atom economy of a chemical process?

A chemist is analyzing an unknown organic compound using various spectroscopic techniques. The IR spectrum shows a broad absorption band around 3300 cm⁻¹, and the ¹H NMR spectrum shows a peak that disappears upon addition of D₂O. What functional group is most likely present in the compound?

A researcher synthesizes a new polymer and wants to determine its molecular weight using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). However, the polymer interacts strongly with the GPC column material. How would this interaction affect the accuracy of the molecular weight determination?

A high school Chemistry student is performing an experiment using 50.0 grams each of Sodium Carbonate ($Na_2CO_3$), Hydrochloric Acid ($HCl$), and an Erlenmeyer Flask. After mixing the $Na_2CO_3$ and $HCl$ inside the Erlenmeyer flask, they seal the flask with a balloon. After the reaction is complete, and the balloon is fully expanded, the student notices a small amount of condensation inside the flask. Given this scenario, what would be the most accurate method for calculating the amount of Carbon Dioxide ($CO_2$) collected in the balloon?

Element X reacts with both dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution, liberating hydrogen gas in both cases. Which statement could be inferred?

A newly synthesized compound is found to have a molecular formula of C₈H₁₀O₂. Spectroscopic analysis reveals the presence of an ester group and two aromatic substituents. Based on this information, how many possible structural isomers are there for this compound, considering only the position of the substituents?

In the process of producing iron from iron(III) oxide in a blast furnace, coke (carbon) is used as a reducing agent. Besides reducing the iron oxide, it also produces carbon monoxide, which further reduces the iron oxide. Which of the following best describes the role of $CaCO_3$ (limestone) added to the furnace?

A gaseous organic compound 'X' diffuses twice as fast as $SO_2$ gas under the same conditions. What is the relative molecular mass of compound 'X'?

A 1.0 M solution of a weak acid HA has a pH of 3.0. What is the approximate percentage of the acid that is dissociated in the solution?

When performing a recrystallization, a student finds that the crystals are heavily colored with an impurity. Which of the following techniques is the MOST appropriate to remove the colored impurity during recrystallization?

A researcher is studying the kinetics of a reaction and obtains the following data: Initial concentration of reactant A doubles, and the reaction rate quadruples. Initial concentration of reactant B doubles, and the reaction rate doubles. What is the overall order of the reaction?

If a certain compound has a high lattice energy, what general properties apply?

Which of the hydrides of group 16 elements would be expected to have the highest thermal stability?

In a galvanic cell, if the salt bridge is removed, what would happen to the cell voltage?

A student is trying to separate two miscible liquids with very close boiling points using distillation. Which technique is MOST likely to improve the separation?

In a chemical reaction, if the activation energy of the forward reaction is equal to the enthalpy change of the reaction, what can definitely be said about the activation energy of the reverse reaction?

In comparison to oxygen, what explains the differences in properties exhibited by ozone, despite both being allotropes of oxygen?

In a scenario where a catalyst is introduced into a reversible reaction at equilibrium, what is the immediate effect on the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products?