Atoms and Nuclear Reactions
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Questions and Answers

What describes the charge and nature of a neutron?

  • Charge of +1, and exists in the nucleus.
  • Charge of 0, and is found surrounding the nucleus.
  • Charge of 0, and exists in the nucleus. (correct)
  • Charge of -1, and exists outside the nucleus.

    • What is the nucleon number of an atom defined as?

  • The number of neutrons in the atom.
  • The number of protons only.
  • The mass of the electrons in the atom.
  • The sum of protons and neutrons. (correct)

    • Which of the following statements is correct regarding isotopes?

  • Isotopes have different mass numbers. (correct)
  • Isotopes have different proton numbers.
  • Isotopes are defined by the number of neutrons.
  • Isotopes of the same element have the same neutron number.

    • How is the atomic mass of an element calculated?

    <p>The average of the isotopic masses of its isotopes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In isotopic notation, what does the superscript represent?

    <p>The mass number of the isotope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative isotopic mass of an isotope?

    <p>The mass of an atom of an isotope related to one atomic mass unit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For potassium (K), which statement is true regarding its isotopes?

    <p>39K accounts for 93% of the normal isotopic mixture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of beta particles?

    <p>-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation is unaffected by an electric field?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When balancing a nuclear equation, which of the following must be conserved?

    <p>Total mass number and total atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is an alpha particle represented in nuclear equations?

    <p>42 He</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the penetration ability of alpha particles in air?

    <p>Few cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic mass of potassium?

    <p>39.1 u</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In finding the percentage of 20Ne in the isotopic mixture, what percentage of 22Ne is present when 20Ne is 90%?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isotopes make up the normal isotropic mixture of gallium (Ga)?

    <p>69Ga and 71Ga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nuclear reaction involves the collision of two atomic nuclei to form a new nucleus?

    <p>Fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative atomic mass of Ne if it consists of 20Ne and 22Ne?

    <p>20.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If 6Li accounts for 7.4% of the isotropic mixture, what percentage does 7Li account for?

    <p>92.6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of radiation emitted in nuclear reactions?

    <p>Delta particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fission nuclear reactions?

    <p>Splitting heavy nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you calculate the atomic mass when given the percentages of isotopes?

    <p>Multiply the mass of each isotope by its percentage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which isotope has a higher mass, 20Ne or 22Ne?

    <p>22Ne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Atom

    • Atoms are the smallest particles of an element
    • Atoms consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons
    • The nucleus contains protons and neutrons
    • A proton has a positive charge (+1)
    • A neutron has no charge (0)
    • An electron has a negative charge (-1)
    • Protons and neutrons can exist independently
    • A nuclide is an atomic species with known proton and neutron numbers
    • Atomic number (Z) is equal to the number of protons (and electrons)
    • Nucleon number (A) is the sum of protons and neutrons (also called mass number)
    • Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
    • Isotopic mass is the mass of an atom of an isotope, expressed in atomic mass units (u)
    • The atomic mass of an element is the average of the isotopic masses of its isotopes, weighted by their abundance in nature.

    Nuclear Reactions

    • Fusion occurs when two atomic nuclei collide and fuse to form a new nucleus
    • Fission occurs when a heavy nucleus splits into lighter nuclei
    • Alpha particles (α) are positively charged (He-4) particles
    • Beta particles (β) are negatively charged electrons produced by radioactive decay
    • Gamma rays (γ) are high-energy electromagnetic radiation with no charge
    • Nuclear reactions involve changes in the nucleus of an atom

    Balancing Nuclear Equations

    • Mass number and atomic number must be equal on both sides of a nuclear equation
    • Different particles like alpha particles, beta particles, protons, and neutrons are used in nuclear reactions.

    Half-Life and Activity

    • Activity of a radioactive substance is the number of disintegrations per unit time
    • Half-life is the time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay

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    The Atom PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of atoms, their structure, and the nature of nuclear reactions. This quiz covers atomic particles, isotopes, and the processes of fusion and fission in nuclear physics. Test your knowledge on how these elements work together to form the building blocks of matter.

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