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Questions and Answers
Before the equivalence point, the reaction involving HNO₃ is considered ______.
exothermic
As more HNO₃ is added before the equivalence point, the temperature ______.
increases
After the equivalence point, the addition of HNO₃ results in a ______ of temperature.
decrease
The cooling effect decreases as the temperature difference between HNO₃ and the reaction ______ decreases.
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A constant amount of heat energy released with each additional volume of HNO₃ causes a smaller ______ increase.
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Fill a ______ burette with HNO₃.
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Use a 25.0 cm³ ______ to transfer the Ba(OH)₂ solution.
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Record the ______ temperature of the mixture after adding HNO₃.
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Place the lid with a hole for the ______ on the Styrofoam cup.
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The equivalence point is indicated when the maximum temperature stops ______.
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The objective of the experiment is to determine the volume of HNO₃ required for ______.
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The volume of Ba(OH)₂ used in the experiment is ______.
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Each addition of HNO₃ is ______ cm³.
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To analyze the data, a graph is plotted with the maximum temperature on the y-axis and the total volume of HNO₃ on the ______.
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It is important to ensure the bulb of the thermometer is immersed at least ______ cm³ in the solution.
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Study Notes
Graph Shape
- The graph shows the temperature change of the reaction mixture as HNO₃ is added.
- Before the equivalence point, the temperature increases.
- The increase in temperature is due to the exothermic reaction between HNO₃ and Ba(OH)₂.
- Each addition of HNO₃ releases a constant amount of heat energy.
- The temperature increase becomes smaller as more HNO₃ is added because the total volume of the mixture increases.
- After the equivalence point, the temperature decreases.
- This decrease is because the reaction is complete and no more heat is produced.
- The HNO₃ added is at a lower temperature than the reaction mixture.
Experiment Outline
- The experiment determines the volume of HNO₃ required for neutralization.
- The materials needed include a thermometer, Ba(OH)₂ solution, and HNO₃ solution.
- The experiment involves plotting a graph of maximum temperature versus total HNO₃ volume.
- Two trend lines are drawn, one for increasing temperature and one for decreasing temperature.
- The point where the two lines intersect indicates the volume of HNO₃ required for neutralization.
- The maximum temperature reached is also recorded.
Procedure for Determining The Equivalence Point
- The experiment involves using a burette to add HNO₃ to a solution of Ba(OH)₂.
- The temperature of the mixture is monitored using a thermometer placed in a lid with a hole.
- The procedure involves adding 5.00 cm³ of HNO₃ at a time and recording the maximum temperature reached after each addition.
- The equivalence point is reached when the maximum temperature stops rising, indicating that all of the Ba(OH)₂ has reacted with the HNO₃.
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Description
This quiz explores the temperature change of a reaction mixture as HNO₃ is added to Ba(OH)₂. It covers the concepts of exothermic reactions, how the addition of reactants affects temperature, and the experiment to determine neutralization volume. Test your understanding of these chemical principles and graph interpretations.
