Chemistry Quiz: Properties and Ions

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are considered intensive properties?

Length

Volume

Melting point (correct)

Temperature (correct)

Which of the following elements belong to the inner transition metals?

Iron (Fe)

Gold (Au)

Sodium (Na)

Cerium (Ce) (correct)

Which of the following is considered a chemical property?

Combustion (correct)

Melting point

Density

Color

Based on the periodic table information, which of the following elements is NOT a transition metal?

Phosphorus (P) (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text above, how many groups of elements are there in the US system?

16 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the main groups and the transition metals?

Transition metals are located in the center of the periodic table while main groups are located on the sides (B) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the provided information, which of these is NOT a characteristic of extensive properties?

Independent of sample size (C) Signup and view all the answers

Using only the information given, which of these is NOT considered a property of elements?

Cost (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct name for the polyatomic ion with the formula `ClO3^-`?

Chlorate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for the polyatomic ion called hydrogen carbonate?

HCO3^- (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following polyatomic ions has the smallest number of oxygen atoms?

Hypochlorite (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of the ammonium ion, represented by `NH4^+`?

1+ (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a polyatomic ion with a negative charge?

H2PO4- (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately compares the masses of a proton and a neutron?

The proton and neutron have nearly identical masses, with the neutron being slightly heavier. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between an atom's atomic number and the charge of its nucleus?

The atomic number is directly proportional to the charge of the nucleus, with each proton contributing a single positive charge. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between atomic number, mass number, and the number of neutrons in an atom?

Mass number minus atomic number equals number of neutrons. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Consider two atoms, one with an atomic number of 10 and another with an atomic number of 12. What can you conclude about the number of protons in each atom?

The atom with atomic number 10 has 10 protons, and the atom with atomic number 12 has 12 protons. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the atomic number in determining the chemical identity of an element?

The atomic number determines the number of protons, which in turn defines the element's chemical properties. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Two isotopes of the same element will have the same...

atomic numbers. (A) Signup and view all the answers

If the charge of a proton is +1.602176 × 10^-19 coulombs, what is the charge of an electron?

-1.602176 × 10^-19 coulombs (A) Signup and view all the answers

The mass of an electron (9.109382 × 10^-28 grams) is smaller than the mass of a proton (1.672622 × 10^-24 grams) by a factor of approximately:

10^4 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the formation of an ionic bond?

One atom gains electrons to form a negatively charged ion (anion) and the other atom loses electrons to form a positively charged ion (cation), resulting in a strong electrostatic attraction. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the ionic compound formed between magnesium and oxygen?

MgO (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding ionic compounds?

They have a strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge on the cation in the compound Fe2O3?

+3 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is likely to be an ionic compound?

NaCl (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the ionic compound with the formula SnCl2?

Tin (II) chloride (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs of elements is most likely to form an ionic compound?

Potassium (K) and Bromine (Br) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for the ionic compound aluminum bromide?

AlBr3 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate natural abundance of Carbon-13?

1.11% (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why does the atomic weight of carbon appear as 12.01 amu instead of a whole number?

The atomic weight is the average of the atomic masses of all isotopes of Carbon, factoring in their relative abundance. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, what is the most likely mass of Carbon-14?

14 amu (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the key difference between a mixture and a chemical compound?

A compound involves a fixed ratio of elements combined chemically, while a mixture involves elements mixed in variable proportions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the atomic weight of an element?

The abundance of various isotopes of the element. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Avogadro's number and the mole?

Avogadro's number is defined as the number of atoms in one mole of Carbon-12. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is mass spectrometry a useful technique for determining atomic weight?

It can separate atoms based on their mass, allowing for the determination of the abundance of different isotopes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the formation of a covalent bond?

The sharing of electrons between two atoms to form a stable molecule. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the polyatomic ion represented by the formula CrO4 2-?

Chromate (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following polyatomic ions is a singly charged anion?

NO3 - (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct formula for Dichromate?

Cr2O7 2- (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which polyatomic ion is represented by the formula HPO4 2-?

Hydrogen phosphate (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following polyatomic ions has a +1 charge?

None of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the polyatomic ion with the formula NO2 -?

Nitrite (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these pairs of polyatomic ions are both doubly charged?

Chromate and Carbonate (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemistry Eighth Edition - Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Chapter 2 of the Chemistry textbook, Eighth Edition, focuses on atoms, molecules, and ions.
Table 2.1 details names and symbols of some common elements, including their Latin origins.
The periodic table positions elements in specific rows (periods) and columns (groups).
International standard groups are numbered 1-18, while US system uses 1A-8A, 1B-8B designations.
There are main groups (1A-2A & 3A-8A) and transition elements (3B-2B), and inner transition elements (14 groups between 3B & 4B).
The elements in the periodic table are categorized as metals, semimetals, and non-metals.
Metals are primarily on the left side of the periodic table's zig-zag line (excluding Hydrogen)
Nonmetals are primarily on the right side of the zig-zag line.
Semimetals lie along the zig-zag line of the periodic table.
Intensive properties do not depend on sample size, such as temperature and melting point, while extensive properties, like length & volume, do depend on the sample size.
Physical properties describe sample characteristics without chemical changes (e.g., color, melting point).
Chemical properties describe characteristics tied to chemical changes (e.g., rusting, combustion).
The law of conservation of mass states mass is conserved in chemical reactions.
The law of definite proportions dictates that pure chemical substances always have the same element proportion by mass.
Law of multiple proportions shows elements can combine in different ways, forming substances with small whole-number mass ratios.
Dalton’s atomic theory suggests atoms of the same element have the same mass, while those from different elements have different masses.
Atoms joining in whole-number ratios form compounds.
Rutherford's gold foil experiments demonstrated an atom's mostly empty space, with a dense nucleus.
Subatomic particles are electron, proton, and neutron, each with distinct mass and charge.
Atomic number (Z) is the number of protons (same as number of electrons) inside the nucleus.
Mass number (A) is the sum of protons and neutrons.
Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
The mass of an atom is primarily concentrated in its nucleus.
The mass of one carbon-12 atom is 12 amu.
The atomic weight of an element is the weighted average of its naturally occurring isotopes.
Avogadro's Number (NA) is 6.022×10²³.
Molar mass, in grams, is numerically equal to the atomic weight of an element.
Mass spectrometry is a common method for measuring atomic weights. The resulting ions are deflected based on their mass-to-charge ratio. A mass spectrum presents measured intensities of ions.
Mixtures are categories of matter composed of two or more pure substances.
Covalent bonds involve electron sharing between two atoms (typically between nonmetals).
A molecule forms when two or more atoms are bound by covalent bonds.
An ionic bond involves the electron transfer from one atom to another creating oppositely charged particles (ions).
Cations are positively charged ions (metals tend form them), and anions are negatively charged ions (nonmetals form them).
Ions combine to form neutral compounds where the number of positive charges equals the number of negative charges.
In naming ionic compounds, simple charges are used and roman numerals are used for compounds with more than one cation.
Polyatomic ions are charged groups containing multiple atoms
Covalent compounds often use prefixes to indicate the number of each element (e.g., "monoxide", "dioxide").

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Test your knowledge on intensive and extensive properties, transition metals, and polyatomic ions with this chemistry quiz. Answer questions about specific characteristics of elements and their classification in the periodic table. Ideal for high school chemistry students.