Chemistry Quiz on Properties of Elements

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following elements is a liquid at room temperature?

  • Mercury (correct)
  • Sodium
  • Carbon
  • Bromine (correct)

What is the main difference between the last energy level of a metal atom and a nonmetal atom?

  • Metals have more electrons in their last energy level. (correct)
  • Metals have more neutrons in their nucleus.
  • Metals have fewer electrons in their last energy level.
  • Metals have more protons in their nucleus.

What property makes metals good for making jewelry?

  • Malleability (correct)
  • High melting point
  • Good heat conductivity
  • Metallic luster (correct)

Why is graphite used in dry cells?

<p>It is a good conductor of electricity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the table, which element has the highest melting point?

<p>Iron (Fe) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for creating alloys from pure metals?

<p>To improve hardness and other properties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metals make up the bronze alloy?

<p>Copper (95%) and tin (5%). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the noted properties of bronze as an alloy?

<p>It is resistant to rusting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a reason for recycling metals such as copper, aluminum, and iron?

<p>Increasing the cost of recycling compared to extraction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about alloys is true?

<p>Alloys are mixtures whose properties differ from the individual metals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of a metallic bond?

<p>Attraction between positive metal ions and a cloud of free-moving valence electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the number of valence electrons affect the properties of metals?

<p>More valence electrons lead to increased hardness and higher melting points (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is observed about the melting points of sodium, magnesium, and aluminum?

<p>Magnesium has a higher melting point than sodium but lower than aluminum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is NOT typically associated with metals due to metallic bonding?

<p>Brittleness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the strength of the metallic bond as the number of valence electrons increases?

<p>The strength of the bond increases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the property of sulphur that causes it to crumble easily when hammered?

<p>It is brittle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance would not cause the electric bulb to light up when connected at points X and Y?

<p>Phosphorus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic makes copper easily shapeable?

<p>It is malleable and ductile. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about graphite compared to other nonmetals?

<p>It is a good conductor of electricity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties does not describe metals like zinc and silver?

<p>They are brittle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Alloys

A mixture of two or more metals that combine unique properties.

Bronze alloy

An alloy made of 95% copper and 5% tin, harder than pure copper.

Properties of Bronze

Bronze is harder than copper and does not rust.

Metal Recycling

The process of converting metal waste into new usable materials.

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Reasons for Recycling Metals

Metal recycling helps decrease resource depletion, reduce extraction difficulty, and cut costs.

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Metallic Bond

The attraction between positive metal ions and a sea of free-moving valence electrons.

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Crystal Lattice

A regular, repeating arrangement of atoms in solid metals.

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Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outer shell that participate in bonding.

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Melting Point

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.

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Strength of Metallic Bond

It increases with more valence electrons, making metals harder.

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Brittle Nonmetal

A nonmetal that easily crumbles; not malleable.

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Malleable Metal

A metal that can be shaped without breaking, like copper.

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Graphite as Conductor

Graphite, a nonmetal, conducts electricity well.

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Properties of Metals

Metals are shiny, solid (except mercury), and good conductors of heat and electricity.

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Metallic Conductors

Metals like zinc and silver easily conduct electricity.

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Dry Cell Components

A dry cell contains carbon (graphite) and is used in batteries.

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Malleability

Malleability is the ability of metals to be hammered or pressed into shapes.

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Properties of Nonmetals

Nonmetals lack luster, are brittle, and poor conductors, often gases or solids.

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Conductivity of Nonmetals

Most nonmetals are bad conductors of heat and electricity, except graphite.

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Melting Points of Elements

Metals generally have high melting points, while nonmetals have low melting points.

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Study Notes

Alloys

  • Pure metals are soft, almost unfit for industrial uses
  • One metal is added to another metal melt to create an alloy
  • Their properties differ from the properties of the original elements
  • Alloys are mixtures, not compounds
  • Most alloys are not expressed in molecular formulas

Bronze Alloy

  • A mixture composed of copper (95%) and tin (5%)
  • It is harder than copper.
  • Resistant to rusting
  • Used in jewelry, medals, and statues

Metal Recycling

  • The process of converting wastes into new usable substances
  • Some metals like copper, aluminum, and iron are recycled for these reasons:
    • Decreasing the abundance (percentage) in the earth's crust
    • Difficulty of extracting metals from their ores
    • The lower cost of recycling compared to extracting them from ores

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