Chemistry Quiz on Matter and Reactions

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes ionic compounds from molecular compounds?

Ionic compounds are formed only from nonmetals while molecular compounds can contain metals.

Ionic compounds consist of charged particles while molecular compounds consist of neutral molecules. (correct)

Ionic compounds have lower melting points than molecular compounds.

Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity, while molecular compounds do.

Which of the following correctly describes the pH scale?

A pH of 7 indicates a weak acid.

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with lower numbers indicating basic substances.

The pH scale indicates the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution.

The pH scale is logarithmic and reflects the concentration of hydrogen ions. (correct)

What is the correct process for naming an acid?

For oxyacids, if the anion ends in 'ate', the acid name ends with 'ic'. (correct)

Use the name of the anion and add 'acid' for all acids.

Acids are named by the number of hydrogen ions they contain.

For monoatomic anions, drop the suffix and add 'ate' followed by 'acid'.

In terms of subatomic particles, what characterizes a neutron?

It has no charge and contributes to the mass of an atom. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is characterized by the absorption of heat?

Endothermic reaction. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental difference between scalars and vectors?

Scalars are described by magnitude only, while vectors are described by both magnitude and direction. Signup and view all the answers

When predicting products in a chemical reaction, one must...

Know the types of reactions that occurred in the system. Signup and view all the answers

In a distance-time graph, a horizontal line represents:

At rest or no movement. Signup and view all the answers

Which are the three main points of the cell theory?

All living organisms are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for the differentiation between passive and active transport across the cell membrane?

Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport moves them with the gradient. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of plant biology, what are the two organ systems found in plants?

Shoot system and root system. Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs primarily in the chloroplasts of plant cells?

Photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

How do xylem and phloem differ in their functions within plants?

Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals, while phloem transports sugars and nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily contributes to the greenhouse effect?

Emissions of greenhouse gases that trap heat in the atmosphere. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during phototropism in plants?

Plants grow towards a light source. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT impact the specific heat capacity of a substance?

The amount of the substance. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemistry

Matter & the periodic table:
- Atomic models (scientists and characteristics, no dates)
- Subatomic particles and characteristics
- Important groups and their characteristics
- Diatomic and polyatomic elements
Compounds:
- Covalent and ionic bond formation
- Comparison of ionic and molecular compounds
- Naming ionic and molecular compounds
Acids and bases (and solubility):
- pH scale
- Properties of acids and bases
- Naming acids
- Acid-base indicators
- Solubility of ionic compounds (using the solubility table)
Mole calculations:
- Conversions between grams and moles (g↔mol)
- Conversions between moles and atoms/molecules (mol↔atoms/molecules)
Reactions:
- Evidence of chemical reactions
- Types of reactions (and how to identify them)
- Endothermic vs. exothermic reactions
- Predicting products and writing chemical equations
- Balancing chemical equations
- Mole ratio for predicting moles of reactants/products

Physics

Definitions:
- Difference between scalar and vector quantities, examples
Kinematics:
- Calculate distance and displacement
- Calculate speed and velocity
- Calculate acceleration
- Graphs (distance-time, velocity-time, acceleration-time) for uniform and accelerated motion
Energetics:
- Calculating work (force must be in same direction as movement) -Calculating work from distance-time graphs
- Calculating potential and kinetic energy
- Energy conversions in situations like objects falling, pendulums, and roller coasters
- Total mechanical energy does not change
  - Calculate energy efficiency.
  - Relate concepts to thermodynamic laws

Biology

Microscopes:
- Parts of a light microscope and functions
- Microscope calculations (high power, field of view, specimen size)
Cell theory:
- Three points of the cell theory
- Cell organization
Plant and animal cells:
- Cell organelles and their functions
- Comparison of plant and animal cells
Cell membrane:
- Fluid mosaic model
- Active and passive transport
- Tonicity
Surface area to volume:
- Relationship between surface area, volume and cell efficiency
Plant structure:
- Two organ systems, three tissue systems
Gas transport:
- Photosynthesis vs cellular respiration (reactions, where when)
- Water and sugar (xylem and phloem) transport, properties (water, root pressure, transpiration pull)
Plant tropisms:
- Positive and negative responses (phototropism, gravitropism)
Global Systems (Heat Calculations):
- Calculations of specific heat, heat of fusion, and heat of vaporization.
- Heating curves of water
Weather & Climate:
- Types of weather systems
- Types of heat transfer, albedo, greenhouse effect, and greenhouse gasses
- Interpret climatographs
- Adaptations in living organisms
- General knowledge of biomes
- Climate and weather terms from workbooks

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of chemistry including atomic models, bonding, acids and bases, mole calculations, and chemical reactions. This quiz will cover various essential topics outlined in your chemistry curriculum, focusing on the periodic table, compounds, and more.