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Questions and Answers
What characteristic do noble gases share that makes them chemically inert?
What characteristic do noble gases share that makes them chemically inert?
Which type of bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs between non-metals?
Which type of bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs between non-metals?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of a chemical reaction?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of a chemical reaction?
What defines a compound as opposed to a mixture?
What defines a compound as opposed to a mixture?
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Which separation technique would be used to obtain salt from seawater?
Which separation technique would be used to obtain salt from seawater?
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In a chemical reaction, what does the conservation of mass state?
In a chemical reaction, what does the conservation of mass state?
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What type of ion does a metal atom become when it loses electrons?
What type of ion does a metal atom become when it loses electrons?
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Which of the following is an example of an acid?
Which of the following is an example of an acid?
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What is the pH range for neutral solutions?
What is the pH range for neutral solutions?
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When balancing the chemical equation H₂ + O₂ → H₂O, how many water molecules are needed to balance it?
When balancing the chemical equation H₂ + O₂ → H₂O, how many water molecules are needed to balance it?
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Which of the following statements about ionic compounds is true?
Which of the following statements about ionic compounds is true?
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In the balanced equation 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO, what does the coefficient '2' before Mg represent?
In the balanced equation 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO, what does the coefficient '2' before Mg represent?
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Which property is characteristic of covalent compounds?
Which property is characteristic of covalent compounds?
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What is the first step in balancing a chemical equation?
What is the first step in balancing a chemical equation?
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What do cations and anions in ionic compounds represent?
What do cations and anions in ionic compounds represent?
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Which of the following is an example of a covalent compound?
Which of the following is an example of a covalent compound?
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What is the primary feature of metallic bonding?
What is the primary feature of metallic bonding?
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Which property of metals is primarily due to the presence of delocalized electrons?
Which property of metals is primarily due to the presence of delocalized electrons?
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Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?
Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?
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What describes the particle arrangement in a solid?
What describes the particle arrangement in a solid?
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Which change of state involves particles gaining energy to break free from fixed positions?
Which change of state involves particles gaining energy to break free from fixed positions?
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What is the correct description of the particles in a gas?
What is the correct description of the particles in a gas?
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Why do metals like tungsten have high melting points?
Why do metals like tungsten have high melting points?
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What occurs during the boiling process?
What occurs during the boiling process?
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Study Notes
Metallic Bonding
- Metals are made of closely packed positive ions arranged in a lattice.
- Outer electrons are delocalized, forming a "sea" of free-moving electrons.
- Electrostatic attraction between delocalized electrons and positive ions is the metallic bond.
- High melting and boiling points due to strong electrostatic forces.
- Excellent conductors of heat and electricity due to free movement of electrons.
- Malleable and ductile due to layers of ions sliding over each other.
Basics of Atoms and Elements
- Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons and electrons.
- Protons have a positive charge and are found in the nucleus.
- Neutrons have no charge and are found in the nucleus.
- Electrons have a negative charge and orbit the nucleus in shells.
- Atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus.
- Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons.
- Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Example: Carbon-14 has 8 neutrons, Carbon-12 has 6 neutrons
States of Matter
- Solids have tightly packed particles in fixed positions, with low energy vibration.
- Liquids have closely packed particles that can slide past each other, with moderate energy vibration
- Gases have particles far apart, moving rapidly and freely, with high energy vibration.
- Changes of state include melting (solid to liquid), boiling (liquid to gas), freezing (liquid to solid), and condensation (gas to liquid).
The Periodic Table
- Group 0 (Noble Gases) are chemically inert due to full outer electron shells.
- Ionic bonding occurs between metals and non-metals where electrons are transferred.
- Metals lose electrons to form positively charged cations, and non-metals gain electrons to form negatively charged anions.
- Covalent bonding occurs between non-metals where atoms share electrons to achieve full outer shells.
Chemical Reactions
- Chemical reactions involve changes in reactants to products.
- Chemical equations show reactants and products using symbols and formulas.
- Law of conservation of mass: mass of reactants equals mass of products.
- Balancing equations ensures the same number of each type of atom on both sides.
- Signs of chemical reactions include color changes, temperature changes, gas formation, and precipitate formation.
Acids, Bases, and pH
- Acids release hydrogen ions (H+) in water.
- Bases release hydroxide ions (OH-) in water or neutralize acids.
- pH scale measures acidity or alkalinity of a solution (0-14) with 7 being neutral.
Separation Techniques
- Filtration separates insoluble solid from a liquid.
- Distillation separates liquids based on differences in their boiling points.
- Evaporation and crystallization is used to separate dissolved substances.
- Chromatography separates substances based on their solubility and movement.
Ionic vs Covalent Compounds
- Ionic compounds are formed by transferring electrons between metal and non-metal atoms and are typically soluble in water.
- Covalent compounds are formed by sharing electrons between non-metal atoms and are typically insoluble in water.
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Description
Test your knowledge on metallic bonding and the basics of atoms and elements. This quiz covers the structure of metals, the nature of metallic bonds, and fundamental atomic concepts including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Perfect for students wanting to reinforce their understanding of chemistry principles.
